深圳湾TIN和PO43--P数值模拟及减排效果分析

采用EFDC模型建立深圳湾三维水动力和营养盐模型,模拟总无机氮(TIN)和正磷酸盐(PO43--P)等主要营养盐在深圳湾不同水文条件下的输运规律.计算结果表明,TIN和PO43--P的计算值和实测多年月均值枯、丰水期都吻合较好.内陆河流TIN和PO43--P减排方案的计算表明,珠江口TIN提高至三类海水标准是深圳湾水体...     

Application of a three-dimensional eutrophication model for the Beijing Guanting Reservoir, China

The Beijing Guanting Reservoir (BGR) is located northwest of Beijing and has been an important water supply reservoir ever since the construction of a dam near the town of Guanting in 1954. As a result of excessive nutrients and organic carbon loadings from the drainage basin over the last several decades, the BGR suffers from eutrophication as well as other contamination problems and has not been used as a drinking water supply reservoir since 1997. As a management step to restore the reservoir's water quality, a numerical model was developed based on the environmental fluid dynamics code (EFDC) framework. The model simulated three phytoplankton species based on the observed cyanobacteria, green algae, and diatom concentrations in 2004 for the Yongding arm of the reservoir, which is separated from the rest of the reservoir by a sand bar. The model was calibrated with vertical temperature profiles as well as the observed chlorophyll a and nutrients concentrations in the water column. The calibrated model was further applied to investigate management scenarios, which include reduction in external loadings of nutrients with constructed wetlands, biomanipulation, and transferring water from CeTian Reservoir. All three scenarios can reduce the peak chlorophyll a levels in the reservoir. The background nutrients were high, and reducing the external nutrients was effective only after a reduction in background nutrients after phytoplankton growth. The biomanipulation and water transfer scenarios could also delay the occurrence of the peak chlorophyll a. Because the model was developed based on one year of data, the model can only reveal the short-term effects of applying the management scenarios. Future studies will consider the long-term processes, such as diagenesis, when data are available to predict the long-term effects of the scenarios.     

湖泊水动力模型外部输入条件不确定性和敏感性分析

以我国典型的大型浅水湖泊太湖为研究区域,采用国内外常用的环境流体动力学模型(EFDC),结合拉丁超立方取样(LHS)方法,研究湖泊水动力模型中4个重要的外部输入条件,即3个边界输入条件(出入湖流量、风速、风向)和1个初始输入条件(初始水位),对模型水动力模拟结果(水位、水龄以及流场)的影响与贡献.结果表明,初始水位的设定对模拟全湖水位和水龄产生决定性影响,不确定性的贡献率分别达到85.73%和66.125%,对垂向平均流速影响的贡献率只有3%;风速对表面流速模拟结果影响较大,贡献率达到58.70%,而对水位和水龄的贡献率分别为5.25%和3.00%.在垂向上,各层流速受外部输入条件不确定性的影响规律相似,贡献率排序为风速(55%~60%)>风向(10%~15%)>初始水位≈出入湖流量(1%~5%).因此在模拟大型浅水湖泊水动力过程时,可以根据不同的输出目标能够有针对性地提高外部输入条件的准确度,为提高模型精确度提供有效信息.     

基于EFDC模型的水乡城镇水网水动力优化调控研究

河流的水动力状态与整体水环境状况息息相关.本研究以同里古镇区水系为例,在数据稀缺,尤其是缺乏水质数据的基础上,通过研究区域实地考察、现场监测、文献调研等方式,确定了研究区域合理的生态流速范围.同时,建立了同里古镇区水系的EFDC水动力模型,并采用情景分析法,对古镇区水系8种不同的调水优化情景进行分析评价.结果表明,当进水泵站以0.42 m3·s~(-1),饮马桥同时以0.5 m3·s~(-1)的流量进水,大东溪桥和会川桥出流口各出流10%,外河闸口出流口出流80%,其余出流口不出流的情况下,同里古镇区水系整体水动力改善条件较好,且大部分河段流速维持在0.05~0.10 m·s~(-1)之间,在同里古镇水系合理的生态流速范围内.这一方案不仅能有效改善同里古镇水系整体水动力状态,且对水质状况的改善,对整体水环境的提升具有良好的促进作用.