一种海生黄藻的氨基酸和脂肪酸组成

对一种海生超微型藻类,品系ＰＰ９８３,的分类学地位、生长和生化组成进行了研究．形态学观察和色素分析表明,ＰＰ９８３ 是一种黄藻．在２５ ℃和１００ μｍｏｌ ｍ － ２ ｓ－１ 的条件下,ＰＰ９８３ 的生长速率为１．１５ ｄｉｖｄ,其对数生长期的蛋白质、脂肪和糖类质量分数分别为干重的４０ ．２％ 、２５ ．０ ％ 和１１ ．１％ ;共检出了１７ 种氨基酸,其总量为干重的２７．８ ％ ．ＰＰ９８３ 的多不饱和脂肪酸（ＰＵＦＡｓ）占总可提取脂肪酸的２６．４％ ,其中主要是ＥＰＡ,占干重的４．６％ ,而ＤＨＡ未检出．结果显示,ＰＰ９８３ 不仅可作为海生动物的优良饵料,而且是ＥＰＡ的重要潜在资源     

Evaluation of the fish short term reproduction assay for detecting endocrine disrupters

In a fish testing strategy, positive results of the fish short term reproduction assay (FSTR), often trigger a definitive test like the fish sexual development test (FSDT) or the fish full life cycle test (FFLC), entailing ethical and economic problems. This study analysed 137 studies encompassing 35 chemicals with different modes of actions (MOAs). Variability is quantified for MOA endpoints vitellogenin (VTG) and secondary sex characteristics (SSCs) as well as for apical endpoints. Two MOA endpoints could indicate estrogenic, anti-estrogenic, androgenic, anti-androgenic and steroidogenesis activities. Great variability, however, has been observed for chemicals with anti-androgenic and steroidogenesis activities, suggesting that TG229/230 may not be sensitive enough to detect these types of chemicals and may produce false negatives. Changes in apical endpoints like fecundity are not limited to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Non-EDCs could induce the similar effects on these apical endpoints. If elucidating MOA is needed, targeted in vitro MOA tests are suggested. Positive in vitro MOA results trigger a definitive test, which could be used for confirmation of the MOA in vivo and for deriving a no observed effect concentration (NOEC). Based on positive MOA results of TG229, a definitive test such as the FSDT or the FFLC is still needed, because the current TG229 has limitation on the derivation of a NOEC. An extended TG229 with more power to detect reproduction effects, as recently proposed in the OECD test guideline program, would improve the possibility to derive a NOEC and increase its usefulness in risk assessment.     

Drawing the Battle Lines: Tracing the “Science War” in the Construction of the Chloroform and Human Health Risks Debate

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) and the Chlorine Chemistry Council, the Chemical Manufacturers Association, and others have been embroiled in a legal challenge concerning the US EPA's “reversal” regarding the scientific assessment of chloroform's carcinogenicity. This issue arose during the US EPA's November 1998 promulgation of a Maximum Contaminant Level Goal for chloroform in the Stage 1 Final Rules for Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts in drinking water. In this paper we adopt a claimsmaking approach: to trace the development and outcome of the chloroform court challenge in the USA, to examine the construction of scientific knowledge claims concerning chloroform risk assessments, and to investigate how different interpretations of scientific uncertainties regarding the evidence are contested when such uncertainties are brought into a regulatory and judicial arena. This “science war” (Chlorine Chemistry Council and others v. US EPA and others) took place in the US Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. The scientific “authority” in the construction of scientific claims in this dispute is based on the International Life Sciences Institute expert panel report on chloroform. Examining these science wars is important because they signal critical shifts in science policy agendas. The regulatory outcome of the chloroform science war in the United States can have profound implications for the construction and acceptance of scientific claims regarding drinking water in other jurisdictions (e.g., Canada). In this challenge, we argue that the actors involved in the dispute constructed “boundaries” around accepted and credible scientific claims.     

基于层次分析法的城市环境绩效评估研究

运用压力-状态-响应(PSR)概念模型,初步建立了城市环境绩效评估指标体系,并结合层次分析法(AHP)对各个评价因子的权重进行了确定和判断。将上述理论应用于扬州市,以环境绩效指数(EPI)的大小来反映环境质量状况,对扬州市2006年到2009年环境质量进行了评价。     

POLICY PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH WATERBORNE ASBESTOS1

ABSTRACT: This article discusses the implications of accepting various standards of scientific evidence in disputes arising over the dumping of potentially hazardous materials into public waterways and drinking water supplies. Standards based on the types of risks and levels of benefits suffered and received by adjacent populations are evaluated within the context of the several pieces of federal legislation which relate to water quality. A case study of Reserve Mining Corporation's dumping of taconite wastes into Lake Superior is presented to illustrate the ramifications of decisions based on differing perspectives of the problem and its impacts by the courts, the affected public, RMC, and the regulatory agencies involved.     

Risk forecasting and evaluating model of Environmental pollution accident

Environmental risk(ER) factors come from ER source and they are controlled by the primary control mechanism (PCM) of environmental risk, due to the self failures or the effects of external environment risk trigger mechanism, the PCM could not work regularly any more, then, the ER factors will release environmental space, and an ER field is formed up. The forming of ER field does not mean that any environmental pollution accident(EPA) will break out; only the ER receptors are exposed in the ER field and damaged seriously,the potential ER really turns into an actual EPA. Researching on the general laws of evolving from environmental risk to EPA, this paper bring forwards a relevant concept model of risk forecasting and evaluating of EPA. This model provides some scientific methods for risk evaluation, prevention and emergency response of EPA. This model not only enriches and develops the theory system of environment safety and emergency response, but also acts as an instruction for public safety, enterprise‘ s safety management and emergency response of the accident.     

美国环境执法特点及其启示

从美国环保局的权力、地位、守法援助、守法激励、守法监督、民事与刑事执法、经济处罚额计算以及公众参与和执法协调等方面总结了美国的环境执法经验,得出兼顾环境和市场经济目标,执法与守法相结合,恩威并重、科学执法,民主、公平执法4条执法启示,供我国环境执法借鉴.