Influence of H2S and NH3 on biogas dry reforming using Ni catalyst: a study on single and synergetic effect

● NH₃ in biogas had a slight inhibitory effect on dry reforming. ● Coexistence of H₂S and NH₃ led to faster decline of biogas conversion. ● Regeneration was effective for catalysts deactivated under synergetic effect. Biogas is a renewable biomass energy source mainly composed of CH₄ and CO₂. Dry reforming is a promising technology for the high-value utilization of biogas. Some impurity gases in biogas can not be completely removed after pretreatment, which may affect the performance of dry reforming. In this study, the influence of typical impurities H₂S and NH₃ on dry reforming was studied using Ni/MgO catalyst. The results showed that low concentration of H₂S in biogas could cause serious deactivation of catalyst. Characterization results including EDS, XPS and TOF-SIMS confirmed the adsorption of sulfur on the catalyst surface, which was the cause of catalyst poisoning. We used air calcination method to regenerate the sulfur-poisoned catalysts and found that the regeneration temperature higher than 500 °C could help catalyst recover the original activity. NH₃ in the concentration range of 50–10000 ppm showed a slight inhibitory effect on biogas dry reforming. The decline rate of biogas conversion efficiency increased with the increase of NH₃ concentration. This was related to the reduction of oxygen activity on catalyst surface caused by NH₃. The synergetic effect of H₂S and NH₃ in biogas was investigated. The results showed that biogas conversion decreased faster under the coexistence of H₂S and NH₃ than under the effect of H₂S alone, so as the surface oxygen activity of catalyst. Air calcination regeneration could also recover the activity of the deactivated catalyst under the synergetic effect of H₂S and NH₃.     

单甲脒农药对模型池塘生态系统藻类群落结构的影响

在１．５－５０．０ｍｇ／Ｌ的浓度范围内，单甲脒农药对模型池塘生态系统中的浮游植物群落结构有明显影响。尤其在加药的头４ｄ内，藻类种类、数量、多样性指数、种类数比及增长率明显下降，优势比显著上升，敏感种及清洁种减少甚至消失，高浓度（５０．０ｍｇ／Ｌ）的单甲脒在２ｄ内可把藻类全部杀灭。随试验时间的延长，药物不断降解，６ｄ后藻类种类、数量、多样性指数又不断回升。随加药次数的增多，药物对藻类抑制作用明显减弱，藻类的种类、数量、多样性指数等指标不断上升，尤其是藻类数量增加明显，试验后期，藻类数量高低主要受Ｎ、Ｐ浓度大小的影响。     

喷射火对输油管道热影响实验平台设计与验证*

为研究油气并行管道中,天然气管道喷射火对相邻输油管道内流体与管壁的热影响,设计并搭建天然气喷射火对输油管道热影响实验平台。实验平台由环道及冷却系统、火焰系统、控制及数据采集系统3个部分组成。完成平台搭建并验证环道系统气密性后,以0#柴油为介质,开展验证实验。研究结果表明:火焰系统工作可靠且可控,冷却系统能够将柴油温度控制在初馏点以下,数据采集系统能够正常采集油品压力、温度、流量、管壁温度、火焰温度等预定数据,实验平台具备一定可行性与安全性。实验平台可进行在不同管道规格及材质、火灾形式、油品介质及流速条件下的热影响实验。实验平台结合材料性能进行测试,可研究喷射火对管材性能的影响,为油气并行管道的安全运行提供相关实验依据。     

超网络视角下生态与产业的协同效应研究——以黄河流域枢纽城市为例

基于超网络视角系统地研究黄河流域枢纽城市2018年生态环境和产业发展的协同效应,结合QAP方法,对生态与产业协同发展的影响因素进行探讨。结果表明：（1）生态-产业超网络密度较低、节点之间连接不均衡。（2）制造业等第二产业是黄河流域的支柱性产业,但第三产业与生态环境的协同效应较大;此外,郑州、济南和西安之间通过联动发展能带动区域整体发展。（3）良好的产业结构和夯实的经济基础能促进生态与产业协同发展,水资源失衡不利于生态与产业的协同发展。     

《京都议定书》的演进及其影响

综述了《联合国气候变化框架公约京都议定书》的演进及其影响。     

太原市冬季不同污染程度下PM2.5的化学组成、消光特征及氧化潜势

为深入探究重污染地区气溶胶的消光特征和健康风险,于2019年冬季开展了太原市PM_2.5主要化学成分和氧化潜势的分析.采样期间ρ(PM_2.5)为（89.9±33.6）μg·m^-3,其中水溶性离子和碳质气溶胶分别占到43.3%和33.8%,浓度较高的组分依次为：OC>SO₄^2->NO^-₃>EC>NH⁺₄>Cl^->Ca²⁺.随着污染程度的增加,PM_2.5中有机物（OM）和矿物尘的占比下降了5.8%和11.2%,而SNA(NO^-₃、 SO₄^2-和NH⁺₄)的质量分数由33.9%显著增加到56.0%.基于IMPROVE公式估算,太原市冬季大气颗粒物的平均消光系数为（453...     

干法加氨脱除SO2中的温度效应

研究了在ＮＨ３参与下，干法脱除ＳＯ２中的温度效应，实验结果表明，在ＳＯ２与ＮＨ３的热化学反应中，反应程度随温度上升呈线性下降，然而，在脉冲电晕条件下，ＳＯ２脱率却随温度上升呈现非线性变化，通过测定不同温度下的产物组成，揭示了在脉８冲电晕放电条件，干法脱除ＳＯ２存在两条平反应途径；（１）先成盐后氧化；（２）先氧化后成盐，在较高温度下反应主要按第（２）条途径进行。     

台风“杜鹃”降水δ18O的云雨区效应初探

我国东南地区台风降水显著,但对这种强降水事件中的稳定同位素研究较少,限制了对短时间极端降水稳定同位素变化过程和影响因素的认识。论文根据2015年9月28日至29日第21号台风“杜鹃”两次登陆（台湾宜兰、福建莆田）前后台北、福州两地气象数据和降水稳定同位素数据,分析了此次台风的降水稳定同位素变化特征及影响因素。台风期间,两地降水δ¹⁸O波动范围为-3.4‰~-15.0‰,变化幅度达11.6‰。台风前端和尾端两地降水同位素值相对偏正,平均值为-4‰~-6‰而台风中端两地降水同位素值极其偏负,平均值分别为-12.4‰和 -13.2‰。台风前端与尾端降水同位素值偏正,水汽受蒸发效应影响明显;而台风中端降水δ¹⁸O值极端偏负主要受“云雨区效应”的影响,即云雨区气流急剧上升,水汽在过饱和环境中快速凝结降落,受动力分馏作用小,降水δ¹⁸O极端偏负。结合降水δ¹⁸O变化特征、过量氘及模拟水汽轨迹,得到台风“杜鹃”降水主要的水汽来源为西太平洋海域。     

Promotive effect of pyridine on indole degradation by activated sludge under anoxic conditions

Batch experiments were carried out to investigate the promotive effect of pyridine on indole degradation under denitrifying conditions. The seed sludge was obtained from a local coal-coking wastewater treatment facility and was acclimated in the laboratory. Indole and pyridine were supplemented to the synthetic wastewater at different ratios. The optimum ratio of chemical oxygen demand (COD) to nitrate (C/N) was 8.4–8.9 for both denitrification and indole and pyridine degradation. At a temperature of 28°C and pH of 7.0–7.5, the nitrate reductase activity (NRA) was in the best state. The addition of pyridine could promote NRA and the degradation of indole. When the initial concentration of indole was 150 mg/L, the concentration ratio of indole to pyridine was in the range of 1–10. Under optimum C/N conditions, the degradation of indole could be described with pseudo-zero-order kinetics. There was no accumulation of nitrite during the reaction. When the concentration ratio of pyridine to indole was less than 0.25 with an increase in the pyridine proportion, there were more significant augment rates for NRA and the degradation of indole than the situation when the concentration ratio was more than 0.25. __________ Translated from Environmental Science, 2006, 27(2): 300–304 [译自: 环境科学]     

Treated wastewater irrigation effect on soil, crop and environment： Wastewater recycling in the loess area of China

A study was carried out at the Loess Plateau in Dongzhi,China,to test the feasibility of using secondary treatment sewage effluent and to determine whether the water quality would then meet the recommended irrigation norm.Seven crops,including celery,wheat, maize,millet,apples,rapeseed and yellow beans,were tested in the study.Physical and chemical properties of the soil,crop yield and quality and leachate at different soil depths were measured.In most cases,the quality of the crops that made use of treated sewage was not distinctively different from those that did not use treated sewage.However,yields for the former were much higher than they were for the latter.Leachates at different soil depths were analyzed and the results did not show alarming levels of constituents.For a period of approximately 14 months,the treated sewage irrigation had no significant effect on the loess soil and no cases of illness resulting from contact with the treated sewage were reported.With treated sewage irrigation,a slight increase in the organic content of the soil was observed.