基于蛙跳算法优化的生态环境质量评价的韦伯-费希纳指数公式

为了建立简便、实用的生态环境质量评价模型,在构建生态环境评价指标体系的基础上,设定各指标的参照值和规范变换式,使规范变换后的不同指标同级标准的规范值差异不大。进而提出了一个对多项指标的规范值都适用的生态环境质量评价的韦伯-费希纳(W-F)指数公式。采用混合蛙跳算法对公式的参数进行优化,得出优化后对多项指标皆适用的生态环境质量评价的W-F指数公式。运用该公式对巢湖流域的生态环境质量进行评价,其结果与该流域生态环境质量实际情况基本相符,表明模型有一定的实用性。     

An Evaluation of the NIOSH Lifting Equation: A Psychophysical and Biomechanical Investigation

Using the results of psychophysical and biomechanical experiments, NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) Recommended Weight Limit (RWL), the Lifting Index (LI), the form of the asymmetry multiplier, and the criterion for compression force were investigated. Analysis of the results indicated a significant difference between the NIOSH RWL and the reported Maximum Acceptable Weight of Lift (MAWL). Contrary to the NIOSH lifting equation, the form of the asymmetry multiplier was found to be non-linear. The overall average of peak compression force on the L5/S1 was 3685 N. Fifty-eight percent of all compression forces reported in the biomechanical experiment were found to exceed the suggested 3400 N set by NIOSH guidelines. These results support previous research findings on the validity of NIOSH guidelines.     

A new simple methodology for evaluation of explosion risk in underground coal mines

The key objective of this paper is the presentation of a new risk assessment tool for underground coal mines based on a simplified semi-quantitative estimation and assessment method.In order to determine the risk of explosion of any work process or activity in underground coal mines it is necessary to assess the risk. The proposed method is based on a Risk Index obtained as a product of three factors: frequency of each individual scenario P_ucm, associated severity consequences C_ucm and exposure time to explosive atmospheres E_ucm. The influence of exposure time is usually not taken into account up to now. Moreover, the exposure to explosive atmospheres may affect factors of hazardous event probability as much as its consequences. There are many definitions of exposure to explosive atmospheres but in the case of underground coal mines the exposure is defined as frequency risk of firedamp and coal dust. The risk estimation and risk assessment are based on the developed of a risk matrix.The proposed methodology allows not only the estimation of the explosion risk but also gives an approach to decide if the proposal investment is well-justified or not in order to improve safety.     

铁路长大隧道健康状况远程监测诊断装备系统研究

基于服役期铁路长大隧道健康状况劣化影响因素分析,结合隧道衬砌结构特点和健康状况监测实际,采用智能传感、信息融合、故障诊断技术,构建集监测、诊断、评估于一体的长大隧道健康状况远程监测诊断装备系统。研究系统的软硬件设施及其布设技术,建立长大隧道健康状况综合评估体系,给出健康诊断量化评估标准。以国内某铁路长大隧道为例,对其健康状况实施远程监测与诊断分析。结果表明,该条服役隧道健康问题的主要影响因素为隧道衬砌漏水、隧道衬砌裂缝、隧道衬砌变形、隧道衬砌剥落等病害,尤以隧道衬砌变形最为严重,健康等级为4级。     

Multiple dimensions of work-related risk factors and their relationship to work ability among industrial workers in Iran

Objectives. The present study was designed to investigate the simultaneous effects of physical, psychosocial and other work-related risk factors on the work ability index (WAI) score among industrial workers. Methods. This study used a cross-sectional design with a questionnaire survey. A total of 280 workers were included in the study. Data were collected using three questionnaires including the Persian version of the WAI, the Persian version of the job content questionnaire and an author-developed measure (to assess work-related factors, health-related factors and socio-demographic characteristics). Results. The majority of the participants were young, but they had poor WAI scores (mean 37.3?±?6.4) and 44.3% of them had poor or moderate work ability. Occupational accidents and injuries were found to be the strongest predictors of WAI scores. Additionally, there was a strong association between WAI scores and supervisor support, skill discretion, occupational training, sleep quality, work nature and educational level. Conclusions. Intervention programs should focus on improving supervisor support, sleep quality, job skills and knowledge and on decreasing physical and mental work demands. Additionally, implementing a comprehensive occupational health and ergonomics program for controlling and reducing hazardous working environments and occupational injury rates should be considered.     

基于剪切梁理论的爆破扰动对巷道顶板稳定性影响研究

厚煤层沿底布置巷道顶板维护难度较大,从爆破扰动影响顶板稳定性的角度对此进行了研究.在分析爆破应力波远区破坏效应的基础上,建立了沿底布置巷道顶板的剪切梁模型,依此研究了顶板煤、岩体的水平位移及应力分布规律,最后以某矿地质条件为原型利用Flac3D数值软件进行了模拟研究.研究发现:基于爆破应力波的远区破坏效应,沿底布置巷道的顶板煤层与上覆岩层的相对错动可以用剪切梁理论加以分析.基于此得到了厚煤层巷道顶板中煤层与岩层单调加载过程及循环加载条件下的位移及应力分布,单次爆破对顶板的影响有限,多次扰动的累积效应会对其产生一定程度的损伤.模拟中,随着装药量的增加,沿底布置巷道顶板煤、岩体的水平位移随之增加,且煤体的位移量大于岩体;持续扰动条件下,煤、岩体的水平位移均出现了累加效应,且随着动力扰动作用次数的增加,煤、岩体的相对错动逐渐增大,容易产生顶板离层垮落等动力灾害.研究成果对加强扰动作用下顶板的支护管理具有一定的理论与指导意义.     

复合法在露天矿边坡稳定性分析中的应用

边坡的稳定性问题关系到人们的生命安全,对其进行研究是非常有必要的。以白云鄂博铁矿的D区边坡稳定性分析为例,采用复合法进行研究,首先通过对其边坡进行现场节理的详细线测量绘制赤平投影图,来判断出可能发生破坏的位置;其次通过Sarma法进行平衡理论计算,稳定性系数结果为0．75;最后通过FLAC3D进行数值模拟计算,得出应力、应变云图,另对分析出可能破坏的两个位置进行剖面计算,计算后的稳定性系数结果分别为0．5、0．6。总之,边坡稳定性系数均小于1,可能发生失稳,需对其进行加固,保证矿山安全开采。     

基于熵值法的济南市可持续发展能力动态研究

为使济南市更加科学、协调、稳健地可持续发展,根据科学性、操作性、可比性、代表性等原则建立济南市可持续发展指标体系,并在此基础上,利用熵值法对济南市“十一五”期间可持续发展综合能力进行了定量评估;从系统的角度出发,对济南市社会、经济、环境各子系统在可持续发展中的作用、影响以及各子系统间的协调状态进行了分析并针对性地提出了济南市可持续发展建议.文章对其他大中城市的社会、经济、环境可持续发展能力建设具有一定的参考价值.     

基于CIS理论的绿色大学评价指标体系研究

通过研究绿色大学建设过程中出现的不足,提出构建绿色大学评价指标体系是建设绿色大学的前提。以CIS（企业识别系统）理论为依据,从理念层、行为层和物质层三个层面进行研究,构建了一个由3个一级指标12个二级指标和45个三级指标构成的绿色大学评级指标体系。最后对绿色大学的评价方法进行了简单陈述。     

社区管理与服务专业毕业生就业意向调查——以中国环境管理干部学院为例

了解和掌握毕业生的就业意向,对于更好地开展就业指导服务、促进大学生就业起到很重要的作用。从就业地区、就业单位、就业信息渠道等方面,对社区管理与服务专业毕业生的就业意向进行调查和分析,提出应该转变毕业生就业观念,对毕业生进行就业心理指导,学校应积极开拓东南沿海地区就业市场,提高就业指导和服务水平,加强专业建设等对策。