Invasive species impacts on ecosystem structure and function: A comparison of Oneida Lake, New York, USA, before and after zebra mussel invasion

Exotic species invasion is widely considered to affect ecosystem structure and function. Yet, few contemporary approaches can assess the effects of exotic species invasion at such an inclusive level. Our research presents one of the first attempts to examine the effects of an exotic species at the ecosystem level in a quantifiable manner. We used ecological network analysis (ENA) and a social network analysis (SNA) method called cohesion analysis to examine the effect of zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) invasion on the Oneida Lake, New York, USA, food web. We used ENA to quantify ecosystem function through an analysis of food web carbon transfer that explicitly incorporated flow over all food web paths (direct and indirect). The cohesion analysis assessed ecosystem structure through an organization of food web members into subgroups of strongly interacting predators and prey. Our analysis detected effects of zebra mussel invasion throughout the entire Oneida Lake food web, including changes in trophic flow efficiency (i.e., carbon flow among trophic levels) and alterations of food web organization (i.e., paths of carbon flow) and ecosystem activity (i.e., total carbon flow). ENA indicated that zebra mussels altered food web function by shunting carbon from pelagic to benthic pathways, increasing dissipative flow loss, and decreasing ecosystem activity. SNA revealed the strength of zebra mussel perturbation as evidenced by a reorganization of food web subgroup structure, with a decrease in importance of pelagic pathways, a concomitant rise of benthic pathways, and a reorganization of interactions between top predator fish. Together, these analyses allowed for a holistic understanding of the effects of zebra mussel invasion on the Oneida Lake food web.     

The pattern of species turnover resulting from stochastic population dynamics: The model and field data

The model of random population dynamics in a sampling site returns geometric distribution of longevities of continuous presence (=persistence) and Poisson distribution of the presence–absence transitions. This discrete-time stochastic process describes the presence–absence pattern observed in the beetles surveyed 6 years on Mount Carmel, Israel. Homogeneous pools of species mostly on the Families rank, exhibit the predicted by the model patterns. Conformity to an ergodic hypothesis is the criterion of ecological homogeneity. This criterion assumes the equivalence of short-term behavior of entire pool and long-term behavior of any species from this pool. The pool of all 801 species of Order Coleoptera does not match the model. Thus a taxon of an arbitrary rank may not be considered a priory as a unit of ecological study. Determined from field data parameters of the model are biased and magnitude of the bias depends on longevity of the survey. Parameter of distribution depends also on species tolerance, which is the level adaptation of given species to given environment in given time interval. Random process of species turnover may be considered as a game of species to gain their presence against deteriorative fluctuations of environmental conditions.     

水环境监测结果的审核重点与审核方法

环境水质监测分析过程中水质指标多,监测数据多,数据的审核工作比较复杂。数据审核是水质分析工作质量保证的一个重要环节,是整个质量保证体系中有效的控制手段。主要从理论上分析环境监测中水质指标之间的关系,为水质监测人员监测和数据审核提供参考,从而提高数据质量,为环境水质管理服务。     

Dry Deposition Monitoring in Europe

Between 1993 and 1999 two EU funded projects wereexecuted aimed at (i) the development of drydeposition monitoring methods for core sites andlarge scale application, (ii) the installation andrunning of three core sites in Europe and (iii) the improvement and validation of models used forregional application. This article provides anoverview of the development of depositionmonitoring stations and the main results of thethree core sites, which were operated between1995 and 1998. Furthermore, the results of thedevelopment of a low cost monitoring system arepresented. Continuous measurements were made ofboth wet and dry deposition of sulphur andnitrogen components and base cations. The 4 yearsof data show a decrease in sulphur loads and notrend for the other components. It is shown thatthe surface affinities for sulphur depositionalso changed during the years, underpinning theneed for dry deposition monitoring. A conditionaltime average gradient system was successfullydeveloped and tested and provides a good meansfor low cost monitoring of dry deposition fluxes.The costs can be reduced by a factor of 3–4 without losing the accuracy of the annual average gas fluxes.     

成都市“温、郫、都”生态示范区的战略地位与示范意义

成都市“温、郫、都”生态示范区是全国第一批生态示范区域之一。该示范区是“天府之国”的一个缩影,有优越的区位优势和突出的战略地位,生态示范区代表区域发展新的战略思维和发展模式。     

浅谈县级市环境监测与环境管理的关系

监测与管理是环保工作中最基本、最重要的两个方面,本文较详细地探讨了县级市环境监测和环境管理的定义、范围及内容,并从依靠与服务的根本关系上强调;只有两者有机结合、互相支持才能搞好新形势下的环保工作。     

差分光学吸收光谱法测量大气污染气体的研究

介绍了差分光学吸收光谱(DOAS)法测量大气污染气体的基本原理,描述了收发一体的DOAS系统的设计以及在同一波段对多种被测气体浓度同时进行反演的数据处理方法,并且对周围环境中的SO₂,O₃和NO₂进行了长期监测,得到的结果与实际情况相符合.      

应急监测水中N-甲基哌嗪的气相色谱法

采用气相色谱直接进样法测定了水中N-甲基哌嗪,在3min内完成整个分析过程。直接进水样经毛细管柱分离水中的N-甲基哌嗪,用GC/FID测定,以保留时间定性,峰高定量。在浓度范围为8.44～80.32mg/L时,相对标准偏差为1.8%～2.9%,标准偏差为0.19～1.5mg/L。样品加标回收率为81%。标准曲线的相关系数为0.9992。检出限为0.08mg/L。      

机动车排放污染的主要监测方法和手段

笔者重点介绍了中国的机动车污染监测方法 (包括怠速法、工况法、汽油机排放污染物测量方法、柴油机自由加速及全负荷烟度测量方法等 ) ,同时简要介绍了欧美及日本机动车排放污染的主要监测方法。另外 ,简述了公路隧道法等机动车排放污染的间接监测方法。      

基于自动监测网络的湘江流域衡阳段铊污染原因分析

运用自动监测网络与实验室验证相结合的手段,通过测定湘江流域衡阳段干流与支流铊浓度,分析铊浓度与溶解氧含量、氨氮浓度及叶绿素a浓度等水质指标的关系,进而对湘江流域衡阳段铊污染进行原因分析。结果表明,2021年8月上旬,湘江流域衡阳段干流铊污染的来源主要为多支流污染汇入。其中,松木下游断面铊污染极有可能来源于支流上游企业排放,江东水厂断面铊浓度异常的原因主要为溶解氧降低、死藻富集。该案例可为我国铊污染应急监测及污染原因分析提供借鉴。