Result-oriented approaches to the management of drinking water catchments in agricultural landscapes

Management of water quality in drinking water catchments is of ongoing, high importance as nitrate concentrations are often still very high. We analysed the Augsburg catchment in Germany, a unique example where a result-oriented approach has been implemented. We investigated the historical evolution of the water protection programme, the result-oriented payment contracts with farmers, and farmer satisfaction with the contracts, based on interviews with the water utility and farmers as well as an analysis of the literature. Today, the water protection programme has been successfully implemented, and a significant reduction of nitrate concentration was achieved due to the following factors: (1) investment of non-negligible amounts of money for high compensation and remuneration payments, (2) different contract options, (3) farmers’ participation in the negotiation process for result-oriented payment contracts, (4) involvement of “outside” people and institutions in negotiation processes, (5) anticipation of starting a programme when nitrate levels were still far below legislative thresholds, and (6) a political and legislative framework allowing direct decisions by a water supplier.     

泰州市东城河水环境整治的生态思考

分析了泰州市东城河存在的水生态环境问题,指出目前在综合整治方面存在的不足之处,提出要引用欧洲河流生态治理方面成功的经验,确立"以人为本、恢复生态、人水和谐"的水环境综合整治新理念.     

生态价值的整体性研究

生态价值的自然基础是生态系统,生态系统、生态系统功能和能值衡量都具有整体性特征.生态价值的主体意识体现着人类的需求,生态恢复和生态消费需要社会整体的规划和管理.生态价值的自然基础和主体需要决定了它的整体性特征,速对宏微观经济发展都具有重要的指导意义.     

县级生态农业建设规划与实施

简要论述了县级生态农业建设的重要性 ,详细介绍了县级生态农业建设规划和实施的方法 ,既可以在生态农业县建设的规划上提供了借鉴 ,又对如何实施县级生态农业建设进行了探讨 ,对促进我国生态农业建设具有一定的意义。     

Human preferences for facial masculinity change with relationship type and environmental harshness

In humans (Homo sapiens), sexual dimorphism in face shape has been proposed to be linked to quality in both men and women. Although preferences for high-quality mates might be expected, previous work has suggested that high quality may be associated with decreased investment in partnerships. In line with a trade-off between partner quality and investment, human females have been found to prefer higher levels of masculinity when judging under conditions where the benefits of quality would be maximised and the costs of low investment would be minimised. In this study, we examined facultative preferences for masculinity/femininity under hypothetical high and low environmental harshness in terms of resource availability in which participants were asked to imagine themselves in harsh/safe environments. We demonstrate that environmental harshness influences preferences for sexual dimorphism differently according to whether the relationship is likely to be short or long term. Women prefer less-masculine male faces and men prefer less-feminine female faces for long-term than short-term relationships under conditions of environmental harshness. Such findings are consistent with the idea that high-quality partners may be low investors and suggest that under harsh ecological conditions, both men and women favour a low-quality/high-investment partner for long-term relationships. For short-term relationships, where investment is not an important variable, preferences for sexual dimorphism were similar for the low and high environmental harshness conditions. These results provide experimental evidence that human preferences may be contingent on the environment an individual finds itself inhabiting.     

重庆市的可持续发展与生态环境建设

重庆市我国最大的直辖市，长江上游的经济中心，水陆交通枢纽，西部大开发战略的实施给它带来了升载难逢的发展机遇，它将成为开发西部的重要突破口和增长极，但目前严重的环境污染已成为制约重庆社会经济可持续发展的重要因素，本文首先从可持续发展的角度对重庆市生态环境的污染现状及原因进行剖析，分析了重庆市生态环境建设面临的各种机遇和挑战，最后指出了解决重庆市生态问题的主要对策措施。     

Prenatal diagnosis of twin zygosity by DNA ‘fingerprint’ analysis

A twin pregnancy with one hydrocephalic fetus with oligohydramnios is presented. Sonographic evaluation could not exclude monochorionicity. Before considering selective feticide, blood samples from both fetuses were examined for DNA ‘fingerprint’ analysis. The different banding patterns of the blood samples established dizygosity. This procedure is suggested in cases where sonography fails to determine chorionicity.     

两种工业共生组织模式的比较研究

文中对自主实体共生模式和复合实体共生模式这两种生态工业园的工业共生组织模式进行了比较,分析了两种模式的优点与缺点、共性和差异,指出在生态工业园的构建过程中,应将两种模式结合起来考虑。     

环境污染对农民健康的影响研究

旨在分析农村环境污染的现状并究其根源,探讨生态环境问题给农民健康带来的危害,为治理农村环境污染提出合理对策。     

Human and organizational factors in Chinese hazardous chemical accidents: a case study of the ‘8.12’ Tianjin Port fire and explosion using the HFACS-HC

Human and organizational factors have been proven to be the prime causes of Chinese hazardous chemical accidents (HCAs). A modified version of the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS), namely the HFACS-Hazardous Chemicals (HC), was developed to identify the human factors involved in Chinese HCAs. The ‘8.12’ Tianjin Port fire and explosion, the costliest HCA in recent years, was reanalyzed using this framework, and the results were compared with the official accident inquiry report to determine their differences related to the identification of human and organizational factors. The study revealed that interacting human factors from different levels in Ruihai Company led to this catastrophe, and the inquiry report had limitations in the identification of human factors and the guidance for similar accident prevention. This study showed the applicability of the HFACS-HC in HCA analyses as well as the necessity to recommend this approach for future HCA investigations.