聚合絮凝剂电解制备过程的极化特性研究

对于沙壤土柱实验，用ＴＤＲ结合土壤抽提液的溶质分析，研究了在非饱和灌溉条件下的硝化和ＮＯ＾－３的迁移，测得的土壤体电导率与土壤抽提液的电导率之比和土壤含水量成线性关系，籍此用ＴＤＲ可以确定非饱和灌溉条件下土壤中溶质浓度的变化规律；     

PACS的形态及电导特性研究

借助于透射电镜技术观察了ＰＡＣＳ的聚合形态考察了电导率随碱化度（γ），加入的Ａｌ＾３＋／ＳＯ＾２－４摩尔比及熟化时间的变化情况，研究了熟化时间对ＰＡＣＳ电中和能力及絮凝效果的影响。实验结果表明，ＳＯ＾２－４的加入可提高聚合氯化铝的聚合度，ＰＡＣＳ聚合物的聚合度随着γ的提高及熟化时间的增长而增大，ＰＡＣＳ的电和和能力随着熟化时间的延长而下降，ＰＡＣＳ溶液（Ａｌ＾２＋含量为０．１８ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）的电导在     

Contamination potential of nitrogen compounds in the heterogeneous aquifers of the Choushui River alluvial fan, Taiwan

This study aimed to analyze the contamination potential associated with the reactive transport of nitrate-N and ammonium-N in the Choushui River alluvial fan, Taiwan and to evaluate a risk region in developing a groundwater protection policy in 2021. In this area, an aquifer redox sequence provided a good understanding of the spatial distributions of nitrate-N and ammonium-N and of aerobic and anaerobic environments. Equiprobable hydraulic conductivity (K) fields reproduced by geostatistical methods characterized the spatial uncertainty of contaminant transport in the heterogeneous aquifer. Nitrogen contamination potential fronts for high and low threshold concentrations based on a 95% risk probability were used to assess different levels of risk. The simulated result reveals that the spatial uncertainty of highly heterogeneous K fields governs the contamination potential assessment of the nitrogen compounds along the regional flow directions. The contamination potential of nitrate-N is more uncertain than that for ammonium-N. The high nitrate-N concentrations (> or =3 mg/L) are prevalent in the aerobic environment. The low concentration nitrate-N plumes (0.5-3 mg/L) gradually migrate to the mid-fan area and to a maximum distance of 15 km from the aerobic region. The nitrate-N plumes pose a potential human health risk in the aerobic and anaerobic environments. The ammonium-N plumes remain stably confined to the distal-fan and partial mid-fan areas.     

基于贝叶斯估计的多探测器火警判定方法研究*

为应对感烟探测器的大量误报对消防应急响应带来的挑战,考虑目前以感烟探测器为主的火警设施误报率高且短期内难以全部更换的特点,提出基于贝叶斯估计的多探测器火警判定方法,通过多个探测器的报警时间间隔计算火源位置的后验概率分布,并提出火警真实度概念,为火警判定提供依据。结果表明:使用多探测器耦合模型时每增加1个探测器可将误报率降低约4个数量级,该方法在探测器正常、部分失效、误报的情景下均能有效判别火警。     

Comparison of properties of traditional and accelerated carbonated solidified/stabilized contaminated soils

The investigation of the long-term performance of solidified/stabilized (S/S) contaminated soils was carried out in a trial site in southeast UK. The soils were exposed to the maximum natural weathering for four years and sampled at various depths in a controlled manner. The chemical properties (e. g. , degree of carbonation (DOC), pH, electrical conductivity (EC)) and physical properties (e. g. , moisture content (MC), liquid limit (LL), plastic limit (PL), plasticity index (PI)) of the samples untreated and treated with the traditional and accelerated carbonated S/S processes were analyzed. Their variations on the depths of the soils were also studied. The result showed that the broad geotechnical properties of the soils, manifested in their PIs, were related to the concentration of the water soluble ions and in particular the free calcium ions. The samples treated with the accelerated carbonation technology (ACT), and the untreated samples contained limited number of free calcium ions in solutions and consequently interacted with waters in a similar way. Compared with the traditional cement-based S/S technology, e. g. , treatment with ordinary portland cement (OPC) or EnvirOceM, ACT caused the increase of the PI of the treated soil and made it more stable during long-term weathering. The PI values for the four soils ascended according to the order: the EnvirOceM soil, the OPC soil, the ACT soil, and the untreated soil while their pH and EC values descended according to the same order.     

天津芦苇湿地影响碳储量关键参数的模拟优化

采用室内模拟试验的方法,研究了水位、氮沉降、电导率等单因素对土壤呼吸的影响,以及三因素对土壤碳储量交互影响的响应面优化,并得到了土壤碳储量最大的最优方案。结果表明:对于单因素试验而言,过高或过低的水位及氮沉降梯度均会对土壤呼吸造成不利影响,而电导率的增加对土壤呼吸呈显著抑制作用,当水位、氮沉降、电导率分别为-9 cm、20 g/m2、0.3 d S/m时,土壤90 d累积呼吸总量最大,分别为84.95μmol/(m2·s)、92.88μmol/(m2·s)和85.70μmol/(m2·s);响应面优化分析中,北大港芦苇湿地碳储量的最优方案为水位-5.49 cm,电导率3.52 ds/m,氮沉降13.40 g/m2,在此条件下预测的理论碳储量最大值为8.62 g/kg。该优化方案可为天津滨海湿地资源的合理开发利用及湿地保育政策的制定等提供参考。     

铜纳米线导电微滤膜的制备、性质表征及应用

将适量铜纳米线（Cu-NWs）添加到常规聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）铸膜液中,通过相转化法制备Cu-NWs导电微滤膜,表征其过滤及导电性能,并将其置于膜生物反应器（MBR）中长期运行,研究其污染物去除效果及膜污染行为,可为污水处理MBR系统的低成本稳定运行提供新途径.结果表明,添加适量基于铸膜液质量的Cu-NWs,所得微滤膜的膜通量为721.9L/（m²·h）,膜面接触角为57.9°,同时,其起始电势、欧姆内阻及活化内阻分别为315.0mV、2.4Ω和6.9 Ω,均优于商用PVDF微滤膜.扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察发现,Cu-NWs在膜面活性层交织形成了良好的导电网络.将其制作成膜组件安装于MBR系统中,兼用作阴极,COD、氨氮、TN和TP的去除率分别为91.5%、99.3%、76.3%和76.2%,高于对照MBR系统.连续运行146d,TMP始终低于25kPa,无需清洗膜组件.傅里叶变换红外光谱仪（FTIR）分析表明,膜面污染物质主要是蛋白质和多糖,膜面EPS含量远低于商用PVDF膜.所制备新型Cu-NWs导电微滤膜具有较好的稳定性、耐用性和抗污染性,应用前景广阔.     

原位空气扰动技术影响因素研究-基于苯污染非均质含水层

通过一维模拟柱实验,研究了分层非均质含水层下不同介质组合对原位空气扰动技术修复苯污染地下水的影响.结果表明：在曝气流量为0.1 L/min,分层非均质的介质渗透系数在同一数量级时,分层情况的改变对污染物的去除效率影响不大;当分层非均质的介质渗透系数不在同一数量级时,下层渗透系数变大会使砂柱上层污染物浓度先升高后降低的现象更加明显,而下层渗透系数变小会使砂柱上下层污染物的去除效率相差不大.分层情况下不同介质组合影响苯的平均去除效率,在分层非均质条件下,气流由低渗透介质进入高渗透介质,污染物的去除速率相对更快,污染物的平均去除效率主要取决于分层非均质上层介质,其污染物平均去除效率曲线与分层非均质上层介质均质大致相同.     

基于地理探测器的流域土壤磷流失影响因素分析

基于修正的通用土壤流失方程(RUSLE)和地理探测器,定量分析了甘肃白龙江流域土壤磷流失的空间分异及其影响因素.结果表明:①2014年流域平均土壤磷流失量为0.214 t·km~(-2)·a~(-1),流失总量为3945.38 t·a~(-1);②磷流失空间分布较为破碎,热点区集中于迭部北部和舟曲东北部等高山区及舟曲、文县和武都三区县交界的低山河谷区,冷点区集聚于宕昌北部耕作区和文县南部森林保护区;③流域磷流失的空间分异主要受土地利用和地形的影响,农牧业生产也发挥了一定作用,磷流失整体表现为随海拔和坡度的抬升而增加,草地林地耕地;④流域及其内部冷热区影响因素差异较大,这是由各区地理环境协同差异所致,最大交互因子分别为土壤类型∩景观破碎度、土壤类型∩植被覆盖度、降水∩第一产业从业人口比重.在流域磷流失治理中,应合理安排农牧业生产,在提高植被覆盖度的同时降低景观破碎度.     

突发性大气环境污染事故的应急监测

介绍了突发性环境污染事故的分类及特征，检测管法在突发性大气环境污染事故应急监测中的应用，并讨论了突发性环境监测中的个人防护问题。