微絮凝过滤中SCD自动控制投药系统干扰调控能力研究

针对某水库源水,通过中试试验结合理论分析,对SCD自动控制加药技术用于微絮凝过滤作了较为系统的分析和研究。试验结果表明,SCD抗干扰调控能力强,并指出某水库水采用流动电流自动控制混凝加药技术是可行的。     

顶空便携气相色谱测定水中苯系物

研究了分配常数、气液相比、温度和无机盐等对顶空分析灵敏度的影响.结果表明,这些参数对不同组分顶空灵敏度的影响有显著差异.气液相比对分配常数小的组分影响大,而温度和无机盐对分配常数大的组分影响大.提出了静态顶空/吸附热解吸/SENTEX便携气相色谱仪/微氩离子检测器测定水中4个苯系物的方法,平均相对标准偏差7.38%,平均相对误差3.46%,与标准方法比较,没有显著差异,而方法检出限低于标准方法1～2数量级.     

耕地土壤重金属健康风险空间分布特征

以江苏省某市为研究区域,借助ArcGIS和SPSS分析工具,利用US EPA健康风险评估模型评估耕地土壤重金属Cr、 Pb、 Cd和Hg的健康风险,从地理学的视角构建包含地理探测器及优化后的位序-规模理论模型的健康风险分析方法体系,分析其健康风险空间分异度及风险水平差异.结果表明,研究区域Cr、 Pb、 Cd及Hg这4种耕地土壤重金属含量均值分别为65.207、 25.486、 0.238和0.045 mg·kg^-1,均低于耕地土壤污染风险的最低筛选值; Hg和Cd的健康风险均处于可接受范围内,Cr和Pb的儿童非致癌风险均值以及Cr的成人及儿童致癌风险指数均值分别为2.914 385、 1.337 503、 4.312 679×10^-6及8.137 130×10^-6,均超过可接受范围;不同耕地重金属健康风险q值的范围为0.005 523～0.204 238,高风险特征因子需要进一步引起关注;研究子区域1、子区域2、子区域3和子区域4的Cr与Pb的儿童非致癌风险及Cr的致癌风险的R值较大,均接近或超过1,其他研究子区域的R...     

离子色谱法测定河流中乙酸、丙酸和丁酸含量的研究

建立一种用离子色谱法同时分离测定被污染河流水中微量乙酸、丙酸和丁酸的方法。采用IonPac AS11-HC阴离子分离柱,5mM NaOH淋洗液,流速1.0ml/min。结果表明,乙酸、丙酸、丁酸的检出限按峰高计分别为0.258、0.294、0.374mg/L;按峰面积计分别为0.350、0.421、0.588mg/L。乙酸、丙酸、丁酸的保留时间、峰高、峰面积的变异系数RSD在0.03%~3.92%之间。对某河流水样分析,乙酸、丙酸、丁酸的回收率在99.6%~107.6%间。     

高效离子色谱柱后衍生法测定环境水体中过渡金属离子含量

建立了可同时分析饮用水中铁、铜、镍、锌、钴、镉、锰等过渡金属离子的方法。优化后的离子色谱条件:选用 Dionex IonPac CS5A色谱柱(4 mm×250 mm),以7.0 mmol/L 吡啶-2,6-二羧酸＋66 mmol/L KOH＋74 mmol/L HCOOH＋5.6 mmol/L K₂SO₄为淋洗液,流速为1.2 mL/min,柱温为30 ℃;以0.5 mmol/L 4-(2-吡啶偶氮)间苯二酚＋1.0 mol/L 2-二甲醇胺＋0.5 mol/L氨水＋0.3 mol/L NaHCO₃为衍生液,流速为0.7 mL/min,紫外检测器波长为520 nm。结果表明,该离子色谱柱对以上过渡金属具有很好的保留和分离效果,衍生后的紫外检测手段具有优异的灵敏度和选择性。该方法稳定性良好,连续进样5针的相对标准偏差均小于0.79%;标准曲线线性关系良好,r≥0.998 8;方法检出限低,Fe³⁺为0.8 μg/L,Fe²⁺为4 μg/L,Cu²⁺为0.8 μg/L,Ni²⁺为3 μg/L,Zn²⁺为2 μg/L,Co²⁺为0.9 μg/L,Cd²⁺为16 μg/L,Mn²⁺为6 μg/L;检测结果准确,低、中、高3个水平的加标回收率均大于91.5%。该方法适用于环境水体中过渡金属离子的定量分析。     

基于氢火焰离子化检测仪响应因子的设备泄漏排放核算

氢火焰离子化检测仪(FID)是检测设备泄漏挥发性有机物(VOCs)的主要仪器。通过变异系数分析了FID响应因子与FID型号、被测气体种类和被测气体浓度的关系,并进行了实例验证。分析结果表明,FID响应因子与各因素关联强度的排序为:被测气体种类FID型号被测气体浓度。响应因子应用实例的验证结果表明:对于芳烃重整装置145个接触甲苯、二甲苯两组分物料的泄漏设备,响应因子修正后的排放量计算值仅为修正前的18.68%;MTBE装置涉甲醇设备的甲醇排放量计算值修正后为修正前的3倍左右。在此基础上,就设备泄漏VOCs污染源,提出通过响应因子实现排放量精细化核算的建议。     

Pressure and temperature increase of LPG in a thermally coated pressure vessel exposed to fire: Experimental and model results

Damage caused by incidents with transport tanks with compressed liquified gas is amongst the most extreme that can be encountered with transport vessels. This is particularly the case with the Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion (BLEVE), which may occur if such a tank is exposed to fire for a prolonged period. Therefore, the local Dutch LPG transport sector adopted a thermally insulating tank coating as a ‘standard outfit’ for their tank trailers, with the aim to delay a BLEVE for a sufficiently long period for emergency services to take appropriate measures and for people near the accident location to be evacuated. On a European scale however, no consensus has been reached on the cost-benefit of such measures.With the current drive towards “greener” and renewable energy sources, this issue has regained attention with alternative fuels such as LNG, CNG and Hydrogen and a need was felt for (better) theoretical models and experimental data concerning the behavior of transport tanks carrying these substances.In this paper a new tank thermal (equilibrium) model is described to predict pressure and temperature behavior of a multi layered, thermally insulated tank containing a compressed liquified gas exposed to heat. Results are compared with data of three bonfire experiments, in which 3 m³ tanks, filled for ca. 50% with LPG were exposed to fire. A good match between modelled and experimental pressure and temperature evolution in time could be obtained using a constant value for the thermal conductivity of the insulation layer. The modelling showed that the thermal insulation value is crucial for an accurate prediction of these parameters as well as the opening time for a pressure safety valve. As relevant temperatures may cover a very wide range (from cryogenic in LNG-tanks to over 1000 °C in a fire) knowledge of the thermal (and physical) behavior of the insulating layer over a large temperature range is essential.The same holds for the behavior of the PRV when subjected to fire. Extreme temperatures may also lead to deviating behavior from what is expected based on the initial settings.     

基于ELPI的南京城区大气可吸入颗粒物现状分析

采用电称低压冲击器(ELPI)对南京城区可吸入颗粒物粒径分布和质量浓度进行连续在线测量,得到了南京城区大气可吸入颗粒物的日变化特征,表明其呈现双峰、双谷分布,夜间高,白天低,上午高,下午低;结合气象参数,研究了大气可吸入颗粒物浓度变化与气象因子的相关性;此外,对可吸入颗粒物粒径分布特征也进行了研究,可以看出,南京地区可吸入颗粒物的主要成分是细颗粒(PM2.5),粒径在0.028～2.31μm的颗粒物占可吸入颗粒物的98%～99%。     

电导率温度校正计算方法的改进

通过实验，用分段函数较精确的表示出温度校正系数与温度的关系，对现行电导率温度校正公式进行了改进，可以简化测量过程，提高计算精度。     

Morphology and electrical conductivity of PACS

Polyaluminium chlorides with sulfate ion(PACS) were prepared by using AlCl3· 6H2O, Al(SO4 )3· 18H2O and Na2CO3 as raw materials. The effects of basicity (r), Al3 +/SO42- molar ratio and aging time on the morphology of PACS were observed by transmission electrical microscope. The influence of aging time on charge neutralization and coagulation effect of PACS was studied.The effects of basicity (r), Al3+/SO42- molar ratio and aging time on the electrical conductivity of PACS solution were also investigated. The experimental results show that the degree of polymerization of polyaluminium chloride(PAC) increases when SO42-ion is added. The higher the basicity(r) and the longer the aging time, the larger the size of polymer PACS. The ability of PACS neutralizing the charge on Kaolinite decreases with the increase of aging time. The electrical conductivity of PACS solution (the concentration of Al3+ ion is 0.18 mol/L) with different aging time is the function of the basicity and Al3 +/SO42- molar ratios and has its maximum at r = 0.5 and Al3+/SO42- = 12.