湿热老化后膨胀型钢结构防火涂层导热系数数值计算

通过对已有多孔材料导热系数计算模型的总结和分析,提出了湿热老化后膨胀型钢结构防火涂层导热系数的计算模型。为考察该模型的计算精度,进行了湿热老化试验及隔热性能试验,测量涂层膨胀倍率、炭化层泡孔尺寸和钢板温度等数据。结果显示,湿热老化后炭化层泡孔尺寸增大导致涂层导热系数增大,隔热性能下降,钢板温度上升。利用本文试验测量数据(泡孔尺寸)计算炭化层导热系数,再根据炭化层导热系数的数值计算结果分析钢板温度,并将钢板温度的计算结果与试验结果进行对比,两者吻合良好,验证了膨胀型防火涂层导热系数计算模型的适用性。     

炼油废水微生物燃料电池启动及影响因素

以炼油废水为碳源,构建双室填料型微生物燃料电池,考察接种液、外接电阻等电池启动条件,以及电导率、pH值和缓冲溶液强度等溶液性质对电池产电性能的影响。利用微生物燃料处理炼油废水,COD去除率(52±4)%,含油量去除率(81.8±3)%;利用废水中存在的原生菌即可启动电池,但启动期长,外加接种液可快速启动电池;启动时外接电阻的大小对电池稳定运行后的输出功率有明显影响,对电池内阻影响相对较小,当启动外接电阻为2 000Ω,电池输出功率最大,为288 mW/m3;随阳极溶液电导率电池增大,电池内阻降低,输出功率升高;pH值变化对电池阳极电势影响较大,进而影响电池输出,当溶液pH为9时,电池输出电压最大(388 mV),pH过高或过低均不利于电池产电;随着缓冲强度的增大,电池输出电压增大,且PBS缓冲强度的增大可从电导率增大和改善质子传递条件两方面提高电池的输出功率。     

浓缩液回灌出水电导率与离子浓度的灰色关联度研究

研究渗滤液浓缩液回灌出水电导率与离子浓度的关系对完善渗滤液浓缩液回灌体系具有重要的意义。采用成都某垃圾填埋场的渗滤液浓缩液,在实验室矿化垃圾填埋柱中开展了回灌实验,分别得到了回灌出水中电导率和8种离子浓度的变化规律。基于灰色关联模型,对电导率与离子浓度的灰色关联度进行了分析,结果表明,电导率与K+的关联系数最大,其次是NO-3、Na+和Cl-。因此在回灌出水中这4种离子与电导率的关联性较大、可将其作为回灌体系中优先控制的离子。     

Validation of QuEChERS method for the determination of 36 pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables from Ghana,using gas chromatography with electron capture and pulsed flame photometric detectors

In this study, “Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe” ‘QuEChERS’ method was modified for the determination of 36 pesticides fortified at (0.01–1.0) mg kg^?1 in three vegetables and a fruit (lettuce, carrot, tomatoes and pineapples respectively) from Ghana. The method involved extraction with acetonitrile, phase separation with primary secondary amine and magnesium sulfate; the final injection solution was reconstituted in ethyl acetate. Organochlorine and synthetic pyrethroids residues were detected with electron capture detector whereas organophosphorus, pulsed flame photometric detector was used. The recoveries at different concentration levels (0.01, 0.1 and 1.0 mg kg^?1) were in the range of 83% and 93% with relative standard deviation ranging from 2% to 10% (n = 5) and the coefficient of determination (R²) was greater than 0.99 for all the 36 pesticides. The method was successfully tested on 120 real samples from Accra markets and this proved to be useful for monitoring purposes particularly in laboratories that have no gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.     

Minor crops for export: A case study of boscalid,pyraclostrobin, lufenuron and lambda-cyhalothrin residue levels on green beans and spring onions in Egypt

Dissipation rates of boscalid [2-chloro-N-(4′ -chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)nicotinamide], pyraclostrobin [methyl 2-[1-(4-chlorophenyl) pyrazol-3-yloxymethyl]-N-methoxycarbanilate], lufenuron [(RS)-1-[2,5-dichloro-4-(1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropoxy)phenyl]-3-(2,6-difluorobenzoyl)urea] and λ-cyhalothrin [(R)-cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl (1S,3S)-rel-3-[(1Z)-2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propenyl]-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate] in green beans and spring onions under Egyptian field conditions were studied. Field trials were carried out in 2008 in a Blue Nile farm, located at 70 kilometer (km) from Cairo (Egypt). The pesticides were sprayed at the recommended rate and samples were collected at pre-determined intervals. After treatment (T₀) the pesticide residues in green beans were 7 times lower than in spring onions. This is due to a different structure of vegetable plant in the two crops. In spring onions, half-life (t_1/2) of pyraclostrobin and lufenuron was 3.1 days and 9.8 days respectively. At day 14th (T₁₄) after treatment boscalid residues were below the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) (0.34 versus 0.5 mg/kg), pyraclostrobin and λ -cyhalothrin residues were not detectable (ND), while lufenuron residues were above the MRL (0.06 versus 0.02 mg/kg). In green beans, at T₀, levels of boscalid, lufenuron and λ -cyhalothrin were below the MRL (0.28 versus 2 mg/kg; ND versus 0.02 mg/kg; 0.06 versus 0.2 mg/kg, respectively) while, after 7 days treatment (T₇) pyraclostrobin residues were above the MRL (0.03 versus 0.02 mg/kg). However, after 14 days the residue level could go below the MRL (0.02 mg/kg), as observed in spring onions.     

Influence of compost amendment rate and level of compaction on the hydraulic functioning of soils

There has been widespread interest in using compost to improve the hydrologic functions of degraded soils at construction sites for reducing runoff and increasing infiltration. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of compost amendment rate on saturated hydraulic conductivity (K_s) and water retention in order to identify target compost rates for enhancing soil hydrologic functions. Samples were prepared with three soil textures (sandy loam, silt loam, and sandy clay loam), amended with compost at 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%. All soils were tested at a porosity of 0.5 m³/m³, and the sandy loam was further tested at high (0.55 m³/m³) and low (0.4 m³/m³) porosities. The K_s and water retention data were then used to model infiltration with HYDRUS-1D. With increasing compost amendment rate, K_s and water retention of the mixtures generally increased at the medium porosity level, with more compost needed in heavier soils. As porosity decreased in the sandy loam soil, the amount of compost needed to improve K_s rose from 20% to 50%. Water distribution in pore fractions (gravitational, plant-available, and unavailable water) depended on texture, with only the highest compost rates increasing plant-available water in one soil. Results suggest soil texture should be taken into consideration when choosing a compost rate in order to achieve soil improvement goals. Hydrologic benefits may be limited even at a high rate of compost amendment if soil is compacted.     

Effects of sludge characteristics on electrical resistance and energy consumption during electro-dewatering process

The increase of electrical resistance (ER) and energy consumption (EC) during the later stage of dewatering is a major problem hindering the development of electro-dewatering (EDW) technology. As the variations of sludge characteristics are significant during the EDW process, the relationships between sludge characteristics and ER and EC during EDW remain unclear. In this study, the effects of moisture content (MC), thickness, pH, conductivity, zeta potential, temperature, and gas volume on the ER and EC during the EDW process were statistically investigated using correlation and multiple linear regression analyses. Herein, the results showed that the ER of the sludge near the anode was primarily affected by pH, whereas the sludge near the cathode was primarily affected by the MC and conductivity. Further, sludge temperature and conductivity were the most reliable indicators to predict the EC near the anode and cathode, respectively. The results of this study provide theoretical guidance useful for solving the increase of ER and EC during the later stage of the EDW process.     

可燃气体检测报警联动排风控制系统

可燃气体检测报警联动排风控制系统由联动排风控制器、可燃气体检测报警仪主机、轴流风机、多芯电缆组成.联动排风控制器、可燃气体检测报警仪主机和轴流风机安装在外输泵房内,多芯电缆与它们相连.可燃气体检测报警仪主机的报警信号经过控制电路处理,控制轴流风机,从而实现手动、定时启动、自动启动和关闭轴流风机的目的,及时排除工作场所内积聚的可燃气体,实现了本质安全化.     

中空玻璃微珠/氮化硼填充硅橡胶复合材料的介电、导热和阻燃性能研究

为满足5G电子封装材料的性能需求,将一定量的改性中空玻璃微珠(f-HGM)和氮化硼(f-BN)添加进加成型液体硅橡胶中制备了低介电、高导热且阻燃的硅橡胶复合材料。测试结果表明,添加了10份f-HGM和15份f-BN的复合材料的介电常数为2.68,介电损耗为0.008 16,显著低于纯硅橡胶,热导率为0.518 W/m·K,是纯硅橡胶的2.25倍。此外,复合材料的热稳定性得到了提升,pHRR和THR分别下降了55.3%和37.7%。通过气相和凝聚相分析发现,复合材料的气相热解产物浓度大幅降低,残炭的致密性和连续性得到显著提升。     

唐古拉冬克玛底冰川流域pH值和电导率分析

2005-05-11～2005-09-27,在青藏高原唐古拉段冬克玛底冰川流域对融水径流和草地径流分别进行采样.对样品的pH值和电导率进行了分析.结果表明,研究区环境受人类活动影响很小.借助电导率水量来源模型对冬克玛底河流量进行划分,暖季径流主要以冰川冰融水补给为主,占总流量的62%以上,其次是积雪融水和降雨补给,其中,第1、3阶段的积雪融水补给分别占31%和37%,第2阶段的降雨补给占17%左右;土壤冻结水消融对径流贡献很小,占2%以下.