电器实验室安全和环境监控措施探讨

电器实验室在对电器产品实施安全性能检测的过程中,实验室本身存在着安全和环境污染问题。如何对实验室的日电器实验室在对电器产品实施安全性能检测的过程中,实验室本身存在着安全和环境污染问题。如何对实验室的日常运作进行安全和环境的有效监控,对于保护实验室仪器设备和生命财产安全,以及试验人员的健康,具有重要的意义。 电器实验室安全和环境问题涉及但不限于防火、防烫伤、防暴、防触电、防机械伤害、防淋水、防盗、限制区域的禁入、仪器设备的保护、试验负荷控制、环境温度、湿度、电网电压、谐波畸变、噪音、有毒有害气体、电磁渡污染等诸多方面。本文针对电器实验室存在的一些主要安全和环境问题,从经济和技术可行性方面研究有效解决方法,并提出一种利用现代科技实现远程综合监控的方案。     

Use of tandem circulation wells to measure hydraulic conductivity without groundwater extraction

Conventional methods to measure the hydraulic conductivity of an aquifer on a relatively large scale (10-100 m) require extraction of significant quantities of groundwater. This can be expensive, and otherwise problematic, when investigating a contaminated aquifer. In this study, innovative approaches that make use of tandem circulation wells to measure hydraulic conductivity are proposed. These approaches measure conductivity on a relatively large scale, but do not require extraction of groundwater. Two basic approaches for using circulation wells to measure hydraulic conductivity are presented; one approach is based upon the dipole-flow test method, while the other approach relies on a tracer test to measure the flow of water between two recirculating wells. The approaches are tested in a relatively homogeneous and isotropic artificial aquifer, where the conductivities measured by both approaches are compared to each other and to the previously measured hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer. It was shown that both approaches have the potential to accurately measure horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivity for a relatively large subsurface volume without the need to pump groundwater to the surface. Future work is recommended to evaluate the ability of these tandem circulation wells to accurately measure hydraulic conductivity when anisotropy and heterogeneity are greater than in the artificial aquifer used for these studies.     

CDJ-1检测仪在钻孔扩底灌注桩施工中的应用

钻孔扩底灌注桩对施工要求比较高,特别是成孔质量的好坏直接关系到该桩型优势的发挥.介绍了CDJ-1检测仪的工作原理,在一典型工程中使用该仪器对桩孔进行了检测,并对检测数据进行了统计和初步分析,结果表明该工程中所检测的桩孔全部合格,CDJ-1检测仪保证了钻孔扩底灌注桩成孔作业过程中的安全施工.     

高应变率环境下材料的失效机理研究

采用双层约束爆炸方法对高应变率环境下材料的失效模式及其影响因素进行了研究。结果表明：材料存在拉伸断裂和绝热剪切断裂两种模式。碳含量越高,材料对绝热剪切越敏感;同种材料的淬、回火类组织比正火类组织绝热剪切敏感性高。材料的屈导比哕决定了材料的失效模式,哕越大,材料越倾向于以绝热剪切模式失效。     

基于地理探测器的中国陆地生态系统土壤有机碳空间异质性影响因子分析

中国陆地生态系统土壤有机碳库对全球生态系统碳平衡具有显著影响.为揭示土壤碳库空间分布的潜在主控因子并为今后建立碳库空间分布模型提供依据,利用地理探测器对中国陆地生态系统表层土壤(0—20 cm)有机碳密度的影响因子(气温、降水量、DEM、NDVI、陆地生态系统类型、人口密度)进行空间分异性探测和定量归因.结果表明:自然...     

电子电器生产无铅化的挑战与应对措施

中国是一个电子电器生产大国,广东又是国内家电等电子电嚣产品生产和出口的大省,是全球最大的制造基地和出口基地之一.随着家电等电子电器产品的无铅化要求,我国电子电器生产商将面临严峻的考验.本文对此进行了分析,提出了应对措施.     

起重机械轨道清扫器的失效形式分析与优化

轨道清扫器是起重机械上重要的安全防护装置之一.对于桥、门式起重机而言,因其轨道附近堆积物料复杂,轨道清扫器的设置与工作状况往往直接影响整机的安全.本文笔者探讨了传统轨道清扫器形式及其失效模式,自主研发的新型起重机械轨道清扫器能够很好的起到轨道清扫和避免运行车轮脱轨等危险事故地发生,保证了起重机械使用过程中运行的可靠性和...     

陕西省PM2.5时空分布及影响因素区域差异研究

为了解陕西省PM_2.5分布特征及影响因素区域差异,基于陕西省2019年PM_2.5浓度数据,采用空间数据统计方法、空间自相关分析法和地理探测器法对PM_2.5时空分异特征及驱动因素进行探究,以期为陕西省PM_2.5研究与治理提供可靠的科学依据。结果表明：陕西省PM_2.5污染呈“冬高夏低”、“中部高、南北低”的特点。陕西省PM_2.5浓度空间分布表现为极显著的空间正相关性,陕南部分县域为低低聚集区,关中地区渭南、西安、咸阳部分县域为高高聚集区。对陕西省PM_2.5浓度影响最大的是社会经济因子(0.328—0.548),陕北地区为GDP(0.932),关中地区为人口密度(0.936),陕南地区为相对湿度(0.710)。交互探测结果表明：陕西省主导交互因子为人口密度∩GDP,各种复杂的自然因素和人为活动因素耦合会大大加强对PM_2.5浓度的解释力。     

A comparison of hydraulic and transport parameters measured in low-permeability fractured media

Data from 90 tracer experiments performed in low-permeability fractured media have been studied to explore correlations among parameters controlling flow and transport. The original data had been interpreted by different authors using different models, which prevents direct comparison of their estimated parameters. In order to produce comparable parameters, the data have been reexamined using simple models (homogeneous domain, steady-state flow regime, single porosity). Specifically, hydraulic conductivity has been derived as the ratio of water flux to head gradient and apparent porosity as the ratio of water velocity to water flux; the former estimated from both first and peak arrival times. Hydraulic conductivity and porosity correlate along a straight line of slope 1:3 in log scale. While the regression is too noisy to be of predictive use, it lends some support to the use of a generalized cubic law. The fact that correlation for first arrival time porosity (0.77) is larger than for peak arrival porosity (0.62) suggests that first arrival is controlled by the same flow paths as hydraulic conductivity. Apparent porosity derived from peak arrival time is found to grow with travel time along a line of 0.55 slope (again log scale). The correlation coefficient ranges between 0.73 and 0.80 (depending on the data set) for hard rocks. The fact that this correlation is maintained when varying the flow rate at a given site leads us to suggest that it is caused by diffusion mechanisms. This conclusion is further supported by the increase of apparent porosity with the matrix porosity of the rock on which the experiments were performed.     

BOD微生物传感器和BOD智能生物检测仪的研究

报道了一种具有广泛底物的高效菌种制成的 BOD微生物传感器及智能型快速 BOD测定仪。采用该仪器 ,可快速测定水中的 BOD,测定周期仅为 3 0分钟