UV-H2O2工艺对饮用水中 DMP的去除效果和影响因素

采用UV-H2O2工艺对饮用水中内分泌干扰物邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)的去除进行研究,结果表明,单独的UV或H2O2都不能有效氧化去除DMP;而UV-H2O2联用工艺对饮用水中DMP具有很好的去除效果.在原水DMP浓度为5.1496×10-3mmol·l-1(1.0mg·l-1)左右,UV光强133.9μW·cm-2,H2O2投加量20mg·l-1和反应时间60min条件下,DMP的去除率可达到97.8%.探讨了反应速率常数随影响因素变化的规律,其中H2O2浓度、pH值、DMP初始浓度和本底TOC值对该工艺去除DMP的影响较大.     

中国中部高山湖泊记录的小冰期水热配置不同模态

小冰期水热配置模态在中国南北方存在明显差异,敏感响应于气候变化的高山湖泊在小冰期阶段水热变化模式仍缺乏研究。选取中国中部两个高山湖泊——太白山玉皇池与六盘山东海子的沉积物岩心为研究对象,基于总有机碳（TOC）、总有机氮（TN）,碳氮比（C/N）等地球化学指标,并结合已发表的水文数据,重建了东海子和玉皇池近2 ka来的水热变化模态。结果显示：近2 ka气候变化主要受太阳辐射影响,在900 AD之前,两个湖泊区域气候同为冷湿,中世纪暖期（900—1300 AD）转为暖干;在小冰期（1300—1800 AD）时期水热组合不同,东海子降水与温度呈同步下降趋势,主要受控于东亚夏季风,而处于东海子东南方向的玉皇池表现为降水的持续增加,可能受加强的印度季风和厄尔尼诺-南方涛动（ENSO）的共同影响。     

北京地区臭氧层损耗、气溶胶污染与紫外辐射的变化

对北京地区臭氧层损耗和气溶胶污染对紫外辐射量变化的影响进行了计算。结果表明,当臭氧总量减少１％－３０％时,ＵＶ－Ｂ对ＤＮＡ危害效应的辐射放大因子（ＲＡＦ）从２．３增加到４．２。城区和乡村环境的气溶胶污染使ＵＶ－Ｂ日辐射总量分别降低４５％和１０％。如是仅考虑臭氧总量的变化,１９８０－１９８９年间ＵＶ－Ｂ辐射量年变化率为１．４％,当考虑气溶胶因素的变化后,ＵＶ－Ｂ辐射量年变化率为－０．７％,这与实际观     

威海市广播电台电磁辐射环境影响的研究

通过理论分析计算和实地的模拟测试,探讨场源辐射场强Ｅ随距离ｒ的一次反比衰减规律。对１０ｋＷ中波长射天线,在ｒ＞７５ｍ的区域内,地面附近（距地面２ｍ处）,场强Ｅ＜２５Ｖ／ｍ,不会超过国标ＧＢ９１７５－８８中对长中短波规定的卫生要求的“二级标准”;在ｒ＞１５０ｍ的区域内,地面附近场强Ｅ＜１００Ｖ／ｍ,符合国标卫生要求的“一级标准”;但在ｒ＞２００ｍ范围内的高层建筑的外部（例如楼顶平台）则有可能超过国标     

水利工程高危作业人因评价体系中的认知图理论研究

为加强水利工程施工安全管理和预防事故发生,通过建立认知地图对高危作业中的人为因素进行了分析。在修订的人为因素分析与分类系统(HFACS)对高危作业人为因素进行识别的基础上,通过引入认知地图理论,建立了人为因素的因果认知地图并进行头节点、尾节点和中心性分析;提出认知广度和认知深度概念,通过数理统计各人为因素出现的频数和采用G1法求其各因素权重,建立二维平面认知地图,对事故的关键影响因素进行了识别和分析。结果表明:教育培训、作业环境和人员健康状况是导致高危作业事故最核心因素,该方法能有效对水利工程人为因素进行分析研究,具有一定适用性。     

UVR-induced toxicity of sludge and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on seed germination and seedling growth of Triticum aestivum L.

The depletion of the ozone layer and enhancement of solar radiation may exert an adverse influence on the ecosystem. Phototoxicity of sludge and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) under ultraviolet radiation (UVR) to seedling was studied. Seeds of wheat (Triticum aestivum) were planted in sludge and PAHs (anthracene (An), benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) and pyrene (Py)) with and without UVR. Toxicity of sludge increased in the presence of UVR in wheat. UVB radiation was found to be more hazardous than UVA radiation. Results demonstrated that An, BaP and Py induced phototoxicity at various concentrations (1–10?µg/mL) under UVA (1.5?mW/cm²) or UVB (1.08?J/cm²) exposure. The pattern of phototoxicity was An?>?Py?>?BaP to shoot length, root length, and fresh weight; chlorophyll, protein content, enzyme activity of catalase and α-amylase were reduced while the activity of superoxide dismutase and starch was enhanced. Reduction in seedling growth and biochemical parameters may be related to less photosynthesis, less nutritional uptake, and distortion of root cap. Thus, the synergistic effect may be due to alterations in photosynthesis, phytohormones, or nutritional uptake.     

Community-scale analysis of the farmland abandonment occurrence process in the mountain region of Ladakh,India

Farmland abandonment has been a significant issue in mountain regions. Thus, many studies have attempted to uncover its driving factors. Most existing studies take a large- or meso-scale view of mountain regions, and there are a few studies that provide community-level analysis. Therefore, it is unclear how ecological and sociopolitical factors are actually combined to influence farmland abandonment at a community level. Thus, we conducted a field survey in the mountain village of Ladakh, northern India, beginning in 2009 and tried to understand the farmland abandonment occurrence process from the viewpoint of traditional altitudinal models of land use. Using data collected during the survey, a relationship between altitude and farmland abandonment was established. However, this relationship was complex, combining traditional forms of land use system in the village. The altitudinal model of land use was very common in mountain regions; thus, discussions of current land use issues should be based on an understanding of such traditional altitudinal systems.     

220千伏高压输电线路对电磁环境的影响分析及防治对策

通过对220kV输电线路电磁辐射的实际测量和理论计算,研究和讨论了220kV单回路和双回路输电线产生的电磁辐射对环境的影响,并提出降低电磁辐射水平的对策与建议。     

重庆市碳排放现状及低碳经济发展战略研究

低碳经济以低能耗、低污染、低排放为基础,是当今世界减缓温室气体排放、应对气候变化的最佳经济发展模式。本文初步估算了重庆市包括二氧化碳排放总量、人均排放量、万元GDP排放强度等碳排放现状,分析了近年来全市碳排放减缓的趋势以及二氧化碳排放来源解析的结果,探讨了重庆市低碳发展的良好基础,提出了重庆市发展低碳经济的战略取向、战略目标、战略重点和战略措施建议,描绘了重庆市低碳发展的行动路线图,认为低碳经济是重庆市转变经济发展方式、实现可持续发展的必然选择。     

Mapping of cosmic radiation dose in Croatia

The Earth is continually bombarded by high-energy particles coming from the outer space and the sun. These particles, termed cosmic radiation, interact with nuclei of atmospheric constituents and decrease in intensity with depth in the atmosphere. Measurements of photon and gamma radiation, performed with a Radiameter at 1 m above the ground, indicated dose rates of 50-100 nSv/h.The neutron dose rate was measured with the CR-39 track etch detector calibrated by the CERN-EU high-energy Reference Field (CERF) facility. Correlation between neutron dose rates and altitudes at 36 sites was examined in order to obtain a significant positive correlation coefficient; the resulting linear regression enabled estimation of a neutron dose at particular altitude. The measured neutron dose rate in Osijek (altitude of 89 m, latitude of 45.31° N) was 110 nSv/h.