Reductive dechlorination of non-ortho substituted polychlorinated biphenyls by ultraviolet irradiation in alkaline 2-propanol

The photodechlorination pathways of 3,3′,4,5,5′-pentachlorobiphenyl (3,3′,4,5,5′-PentaCB) and the related lower polychlorinated biphenyl congeners irradiated at 254 nm in alkaline 2-propanol were elucidated. Steric effect is the most important factor for controlling the dechlorination pattern of these substrates. Electronic effect also influences the photoreactivity of chlorine substituents.     

The influence of collection facility attributes on household collection rates of electronic waste: The case of televisions and computer monitors

In the US, household electronic waste collected for recycling is primarily by voluntary drop-off at designated collection facilities. This study examines the influence of specific collection facility attributes (recycling fees charged, number of days open, and driving distance) on the household collection rate of e-waste in the US state of Maine. Data were collected for household computer monitor and television collection for 92 municipal waste transfer facilities representing 30% of the state's population for one year. Results suggest that recycling fees are negatively correlated with the number of televisions and computer monitors collected; furthermore, the more frequently facilities were open, the more televisions and computer monitors were collected per capita. The distance from the facility had no correlation, which prompted an analysis of whether the existence of a curbside collection system in the municipality was influential. Results show a negative correlation between computer monitor and television collection and a municipality having recycling (but not e-waste) curbside collection. Based on the results of this study, policymakers may be able to increase the collection rate of household e-waste by eliminating or lowering recycling fees, expanding collection days and hours to increase convenience, and/or considering curbside collection of e-waste.     

中美固定源烟气排放连续监测系统对比浅析

简述了我国烟气排放连续监测系统(CEMS)概况;介绍了美国CEMS体系及先进的管理经验,并从CEMS运营责任主体、管理依据、审核与管理模式以及数据应用等方面对中美CEMS体系进行了对比分析,在此基础上,提出了我国CEMS存在的问题和相应的对策建议.     

Sound management of brominated flame retarded (BFR) plastics from electronic wastes: State of the art and options in Nigeria

Management of flame retarded plastics from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) has been posing a major challenge to waste management experts because of the potential environmental contamination issues especially the formation of polybrominated-dioxins and -furans (PBDD/F) during processing. In Nigeria, large quantities of electronic waste (e-waste) are currently being managed—a significant quantity of which is imported illegally as secondhand electronics. As much as 75% of these illegal imports are never reused but are rather discarded. These waste electronic devices are mostly older equipment that contains brominated flame retardants (BFRs) such as penta-brominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) which are presently banned in Europe under the EU WEEE and RoHS Directives. Risk assessment studies found both to be persistent, bio-accumulative and toxic. The present management practices for waste plastics from WEEE in Nigeria, such as open burning and disposal at open dumps, creates potential for serious environmental pollution. This paper reviews the options in the environmentally sound management of waste plastics from electronic wastes. Options available include mechanical recycling, reprocessing into chemicals (chemical feedstock recycling) and energy recovery. The Creasolv^® and Centrevap^® processes, which are the outcome of the extensive research at achieving sound management of waste plastics from WEEE in Europe, are also reviewed. These are solvent-based methods of removing BFRs and they presently offer the best commercial and environmental option in the sound management of waste BFR-containing plastics. Because these developments have not been commercialized, WEEE and WEEE plastics are still being exported to developing countries. The industrial application of these processes and the development of eco-friendlier alternative flame retardants will help assure sound management of WEEE plastics.     

Consumption of rice and fish in an electronic waste recycling area contributes significantly to total daily intake of mercury

<正>Mercury is a global pollutant due to its widespread use,emission,and long-range transport(Blum,2013;Pacyna et al.,2010).It is considered a priority pollutant due to its neurological toxicity,persistence,and bioaccumulation(Pacyna et al.,2010;Sharma et al.,2015).Mercury pollution can occur when products that contain mercury are improperly disposed of and mercury is released into the air,water,and soil(Zhang and Wong,2007).An estimated 22%of the annual world usage of mercury is in electrical equipment such as batteries,thermometers,and discharge lamps,and electronic devices such as monitors and     

舰载电子设备可靠性设计

分析海上恶劣环境对电子设备可靠性影响,阐述了三防设计对提高电子设备可靠性的作用,着重探讨三防设计的方法及具体措施     

我国电子废弃物现状研究

依据我国家电生产消费数据,对我国电子垃圾产生量进行了预测,认为中国目前正处于电子垃圾高速增长期。通过对电子废弃物处理技术现状的介绍和对我国电子废弃物处理现状的分析,认为我国电子废弃物处理仍处于很低的水平,目前我国符合环保和市场要求的电子废弃物处理企业不能满足我国目前电子废弃物快速增长的需要,迫切需要开发符合我国国情、有市场竞争力的电子废弃物处理工艺。贵稀金属作为国民经济发展不可缺少的资源,随着资源的开采,矿床的贫乏,开采成本的提高,从电子废弃物中回收贵稀金属将具有长远的战略意义。     

报废电子器件处理技术进展

报废电子器件的数量急剧增长，加强其回收利用研究已经得到广泛重视。对报废电子器件的资源情况、回收技术，尤其是以环境保护-资源综合回收为目的的物理分离技术及其应用进行了评述，指出便于回收的电子器件的设计是未来发展的趋势。     

再入飞行器超高温陶瓷防热应用研究

目的探索尖锥外形高超声速飞行器超高温陶瓷防热设计约束要求。方法基于计算流体力学有限体积数值求解方法研究高超声速层流状态尖锥形飞行器的气动热环境,通过不同攻角下热流及辐射平衡温度分布规律研究获得防热设计约束要求。针对典型尖锥飞行器超高温陶瓷防热设计要求开展几何尺寸、攻角范围影响研究,最后探讨超高温陶瓷高性能热导率对防热设计影响。结果尖锥飞行器高热流仅限于驻点附近很小的区域,迎风面热流随着攻角增大迅速提高。满足防热设计约束的极限飞行攻角与端头长度呈正比,端头长度增加0.1m,极限攻角增大10°。超高温陶瓷热导率对端头防热设计影响较大,随着材料热导率增大50%,驻点辐射平衡温度降低205 K,端头连接结构温度增大50 K。结论尖锥体超高温陶瓷端头防热设计的重要约束指标为端头连接结构温度限制,设计时需要合理优化飞行攻角剖面,选取热导率性能适中的材料。     

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations, compositions, sources, and associated carcinogenic risks to humans in farmland soils and riverine sediments from Guiyu, China

The concentrations of 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) were measured in 23 farmland soil samples and 10 riverine sediment samples from Guiyu, China, and the carcinogenic risks associated with PAHs in the samples were evaluated. Guiyu is the largest electronic waste(EW) dismantling area globally, and has been well known for the primitive and crude manner in which EWs are disposed, such as by open burning and roasting. The total PAH concentrations were 56–567 ng/g in the soils and 181–3034 ng/g in the sediments.The Shanglian and Huamei districts were found to be more contaminated with PAHs than the north of Guiyu. The soils were relatively weakly contaminated but the sediments were more contaminated, and sediments in some river sections might cause carcinogenic risks to the groundwater system. The PAHs in the soils were derived from combustion sources,but the PAHs in the sediments were derived from both combustion and petroleum sources.