复合垂直流人工湿地氧化还原特征及不同功能区净化作用研究

研究了复合垂直流人工湿地系统氧化还原电位（Eh）的时空变化规律及不同功能区中污染物的净化效果。结果表明：湿地系统下行流池表层、两池底层、上行流池表层Eh的变化范围分别为402～585、-87～-130、308～432 mV，沿水流方向依次形成了好氧A区/缺氧、厌氧区/好氧B区3个功能区。好氧A区是污染物去除的主要区域，BOD₅、COD_Cr、NH⁺_4- N的去除率分别为430%、484%、541%，特别是NH+4 N去除率占总去除率的79%；缺氧、厌氧区主要是进行反硝化反应和有机物的厌氧分解；好氧B区则主要是去除厌氧分解后的有机物以及进一步脱氮。另外，NH+4 N的去除率与系统各功能区Eh呈显著相关关系（〖WTBX〗p〖WTBZ〗＜001），而BOD₅、COD_Cr、NO^-_3-N的去除率与系统各功能区Eh相关性不显著。     

环境与发展

本文论述了环境与发展的关系,并简要介绍了可持续发展的基本理论,在此基础上阐述了在中国如何实施可持续发展战略。     

城市可持续发展与城市政府职能

城市作为我国行政区划中重要单元和区域经济活动的中心,城市经济、社会发展直接关系着全国的发展水平,城市可持续发展在我国可持续发展中占有重要的地位。城市政府是推动城市可持续发展的首位力量。本文分析了城市可持续发展面临的主要问题,阐述了城市政府五大主要职能,探讨了城市可持续发展与城市经济社会职能的关系。     

论环境保护基础设施建设的筹资及运营机制改革

本文从环境保护基础设施建设存在的资金短缺和利用效率低的现状出发,对现有的筹资方式和经营机制进行分析,提出了今后加快环境保护基础设施建设筹资和改革运营机制的基本思路。     

Reaching environmental decisions: Making subjective and objective judgments

Objective judgments, external to the judge, are compared with subjective, internal judgments. This analysis is made in the context of reaching regulatory decisions affecting the human environment. Examples given include evaluating the potential risk of industrial chemicals and comparing the potential effects of short- and long-term changes in land use. The analysis deals not with the decisions themselves, but rather with the kinds of questions that must be posed in orderto reach such decisions. Decision makers may spuriously distinguish objective from subjective types of judgment, though these are rarely wholly separate. Judges can hardly dispute about objective statements, if truly identical definitions are used. But subjective statements can reasonably be voted upon. Scientists, engineers, and economists represent logical or objective decision makers, tending to work in groups. Subjective thinkers include artists and performers, and others who often work alone. Moral and aesthetic aspects of questions, usually seen as intangible, are treated as if subjective. Financial decisions, usually viewed as tangible, are handled as objective problems. This mechanism for making decisions is well-established in environmental assessment. Though objective questions can be treated well in the monetary terms of cost-benefit analysis, subjective ones cannot. Mathematical and other variants are discussed in relation to the comparison of alternative types of tests.     

OPTIMAL MANAGEMENT AND DESIGN OF HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS1

ABSTRACT: A possible methodology is developed to deal with the problem of designing complex pipeline systems, when they are subject to different rates of demand, and when a hypothesis of the flow distribution in different branches is not allowed. The mathematical algorithm used in linear programming. The problem, which is not linear, is dealt with by means of an iterative method; that is, by starting with a possible solution and inserting at each iteration the solution found in the preceding iteration. By taking as variables of the problem the piezometric heads of the ends for each branch of the network, the piezometric gradients and flows, and by thus considering the diameter as a derived variable, it is possible to isolate the nonlinearity in the cost function of the network. The latter is linearized each time close to the solution found in the preceding iteration.     

Influence of Motivations for Seeking ISO 14001 Certification on Perceptions of EMS Effectiveness in China

This study examines the motivations of mainland Chinese facilities in seeking ISO 14001 certification and examines the linkages between these motivations and self-reports of the effectiveness of major environmental management system (EMS) components. In a sample of 128 facilities in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou, the main drivers for certification were reported to be to ensure regulatory compliance, to enhance the firms reputation, and to improve environmental performance, in that order. Although motivation to achieve cost reductions were least emphasized, a broad range of motivations appears to be considered in the decision to seek certification to ISO 14001. Regression models linking these motivations to the EMS components suggests that internal motivations have an influence on most EMS components. One interesting exception to this, however, is that no significant relationship was observed between internal motivations and the promulgation of environmental objectives and targets. The relationships associated with external motivations for certification (i.e., those in response to customer and other stakeholder pressures) and EMS components, on the other hand, are weaker and tend to occur earlier in the process cycle. No significant relationships were found between motivations to reduce costs and perceptions of the effectiveness of EMS components. Overall, these findings suggest that ISO 14001, as currently being implemented in mainland China, may have a modestly useful role when used in combination with other policy mechanisms to move the Chinese economy toward more sustainable practices. It is asserted that the ISO standard could provide even greater benefits if Chinese registrars were more proactive in developing EMS in conjunction with even more rigorous third-party audits.Published online     

运用回归分析测算水口镇商业用地基准地价

惠州市惠城区水口镇原隶属于惠阳市,2003年惠城区行政区划进行了战略性调整,惠阳撤市设区,水口镇划归惠城区管辖, 这样水口镇现执行的基准地价标准(原惠阳标准)需要更新.目前基准地价的评估方法有很多种,通过建立样点地价与土地定级网格单元总分值关系模型,运用回归分析来测算水口镇商业用地基准地价.     

Monitoring the sustainability of Russia's energy development

This article presents an assessment of Russia's energy sector, its current state and planned future direction. The analysis of Russia's energy trends is based on a set of indicators for sustainable energy development (ISED), developed under the leadership of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). The article discusses Russia's Energy Strategy to 2020, and outlines major developments and challenges of the country's energy system. Russia's energy priorities, captured in the Strategy to 2020, emphasize securing a stable and uninterrupted energy supply; reducing energy intensity and improving energy efficiency; developing the domestic energy resource base; reducing negative environmental impacts; and ensuring affordable energy for the poorer segments of the population. Energy needs and challenges are discussed in relation to the three aspects of sustainability as defined in Agenda 21: economic, social and environmental. Concerns are expressed regarding environmental repercussions of energy development, in particular since Russia's 1998 economic rebound. There are also concerns, despite the economic recovery, that anticipated increases in energy tariffs may exceed the affordability of poorer segments of the population.     

浅谈森林生态系统服务功能

科学的进步和环境问题的日益突出，使人们愈来愈关注生态系统的服务功能，本文将就森林生态系统服务功能的三个方面，即生态服务功能、生产功能、景观与社会文化功能，做初步探讨，以使人们对其功能有更加全面的认识。