Mining with communities

To be considered as sustainable, a mining community needs to adhere to the principles of ecological sustainability, economic vitality and social equity. These principles apply over a long time span, covering both the life of the mine and post-mining closure. The legacy left by a mine to the community after its closure is emerging as a significant aspect of its planning. Progress towards sustainability is made when value is added to a community with respect to these principles by the mining operation during its life cycle. This article presents a series of cases to demonstrate the diverse potential challenges to achieving a sustainable mining community. These case studies of both new and old mining communities are drawn mainly from Canada and from locations abroad where Canadian companies are now building mines. The article concludes by considering various approaches that can foster sustainable mining communities and the role of community consultation and capacity building.     

水环境质量评价的普适指数公式

在适当设定水质指标的“基准”值情况下,用相对于“基准”值的指标相对值替换对数形式的指数公式中的水质指标值,采用遗传算法优化不同指标的指数公式中的参数,得到对多项指标通用的水质普适指数公式;并用折衷型激励功效函数将单项指标的指数加权为综合指数。公式的正确性已被多处水质评价检验。      

唐山市工业区大气污染对小学生肺功能的影响

探讨了工业区大气污染对小学生肺功能的影响。在唐山市工业区和相对清洁区选取452名小学生为研究对象,进行肺功能的测定和问卷调查。用多元回归分析建立模型后,以实测值占预计值的百分比为统计量进行分析。调查结果显示小学生肺功能指标中MVV、V25污染区低于对照区,VC、FEV、V25、V50的异常率高于对照区,且与大气中SO2的浓度有关。     

噪声主观反应模糊隶属函数的AHP计算方法

根据模糊数学层次分析法(AHP)的原理,构造判断矩阵,针对不同的环境功能区域,定量计算各主观烦恼度表述等级的隶属度,求出了相应环境下的模糊隶属函数,并运用于噪声主观烦恼反应阈值的计算.实例计算表明,对不同环境建立不同的烦恼隶属函数,更符合人们对噪声主观反应所作表述的实际,计算得到的烦恼概率和噪声阈值更科学可信.     

不同流态生物膜反应器对微囊藻毒素的降解特性

以富营养化源水为处理对象,考察了三阶、单阶气水顺流、单阶气水逆流生物膜反应器对微囊藻毒素的去除特性.三阶生物膜反应器比单阶反应器更接近于推流反应器,对藻毒素的去除效率高于单阶反应器,且效果稳定.在试验水质条件下,水力停留时间(HRT)为2h时,三阶反应器可有效去除85.9%的胞外微囊藻毒素与84.0%的总微囊藻毒素,对胞外微囊藻毒素-LR、RR与总微囊藻毒素-LR、RR的去除率分别为86.7%、81.7%与71.5%、80.5%.三阶生物膜工艺可用于富营养化源水的预处理.     

The Time Invariance Principle,the absence of ecological chaos,and a fundamental pitfall of discrete modeling

This paper is to show that most discrete models used for population dynamics in ecology are inherently pathological that their predications cannot be independently verified by experiments because they violate a fundamental principle of physics. The result is used to tackle an on-going controversy regarding ecological chaos. Another implication of the result is that all dynamical systems must be modeled by differential equations. As a result it suggests that researches based on discrete modeling must be closely scrutinized and the teaching of calculus and differential equations must be emphasized for students of biology.     

一株高效产氢突变体RF-9的筛选与产氢特性

以从连续流搅拌槽式反应器(CSTR)内的活性污泥中分离出的厌氧产氢菌Ethanologenens sp.ZGX4为出发菌株,经过紫外线和亚硝酸复合诱变,从大量的突变体中筛选出一株稳定的高效产氢菌株RF-9.磷酸盐浓度在120mmol/L、温度37℃、初始pH6.0、葡萄糖浓度10g/L培养条件下,RF-9的单位体积产氢量和氢气产率为139.7mmol/L和2.52mol H2/mol葡萄糖,分别是对照的1.50倍和1.43倍.在发酵时间为15h、pH4.1、细胞干重0.722g/L时,RF-9获得其最大产氢速率345mLH₂/(h·L),是对照ZGX4的1.41倍.RF-9的主要液相末端产物为乙醇和乙酸,为典型的乙醇发酵细菌,与对照相似.     

新疆玛纳斯河流域水资源及水文循环二元分化研究

根据已有的分布式水文循环模型及水文监测资料统计分析得出,玛纳斯河流域绿洲引用水对2000m以上的山地暂无影响,但人工绿洲却在平原区水资源再生循环竞争中居于优势地位,人工补给已占总补给量的73.5%,人工开采已占总排泄量的41.78%,平原区水循环发生了以人工水循环为主导的二元分化。人工绿洲、天然绿洲、过渡带和荒漠间生态统一性出现无序化趋势,人工绿洲水分垂向循环加强,蒸发下渗量加大,而天然绿洲及过渡带水平方向径流通量减少,可利用生态水量大幅减少,造成绿洲-荒漠生态呈现出对抗趋势。     

济南南部山区水源涵养生态功能保护区生态环境评价指标体系研究

根据国家相关的生态考核指标,结合南部山区生态功能保护区实际情况,建立了该区域的评价指标体系,选取多层次权重分析决策法(AHP法),对区域的生态环境质量现状及可持续发展情况做出了定量评价。     

城市生态环境与可持续发展评价指标体系研究

本文从探讨城市生态环境与可持续发展的战略关系入手,在进行调查研究的基础上,提出了城市生态环境与可持续发展评价指标体系,旨在为城市的全面、协调、可持续发展提供一点科学管理依据。