全文获取类型
收费全文 | 6303篇 |
免费 | 332篇 |
国内免费 | 871篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 510篇 |
废物处理 | 54篇 |
环保管理 | 1279篇 |
综合类 | 3432篇 |
基础理论 | 512篇 |
环境理论 | 19篇 |
污染及防治 | 469篇 |
评价与监测 | 752篇 |
社会与环境 | 392篇 |
灾害及防治 | 87篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 28篇 |
2023年 | 104篇 |
2022年 | 171篇 |
2021年 | 233篇 |
2020年 | 270篇 |
2019年 | 202篇 |
2018年 | 149篇 |
2017年 | 242篇 |
2016年 | 287篇 |
2015年 | 249篇 |
2014年 | 299篇 |
2013年 | 396篇 |
2012年 | 323篇 |
2011年 | 517篇 |
2010年 | 282篇 |
2009年 | 383篇 |
2008年 | 334篇 |
2007年 | 343篇 |
2006年 | 326篇 |
2005年 | 191篇 |
2004年 | 190篇 |
2003年 | 250篇 |
2002年 | 223篇 |
2001年 | 205篇 |
2000年 | 216篇 |
1999年 | 186篇 |
1998年 | 160篇 |
1997年 | 159篇 |
1996年 | 103篇 |
1995年 | 72篇 |
1994年 | 86篇 |
1993年 | 82篇 |
1992年 | 57篇 |
1991年 | 32篇 |
1990年 | 18篇 |
1989年 | 22篇 |
1988年 | 11篇 |
1987年 | 8篇 |
1986年 | 17篇 |
1985年 | 15篇 |
1984年 | 14篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 9篇 |
1981年 | 7篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 11篇 |
1977年 | 6篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1972年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有7506条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
521.
This paper focuses on comparative review and analysis of the systems of environmental protection, national environmental strategies
and fundamentals of environmental legislation in Australia and the Russian Federation. These countries have many socioeconomic
similarities, such as low population densities and richness in natural resources which are largely exported. The main disparity
between Australia and Russia is in the types of economy. This paper ‘continues’ the sequence of recent scholarly publications
on comparison of various features of environmental policies in the countries from all over the world. Comparative analysis
in this research has been based on examination of scholarly publications, legislation, government documents, mass media sources
and NGO responses. The analysis has revealed a number of differences including top-down implementation of policies in Russia
whereas in Australia, each State (Territory) implements policies with significant independence from the Commonwealth Government.
At the same time, similarities between the countries have been identified: for example, in deficits in the budget of local
environmental authorities and in the presence of contradictions in legislation at national and regional levels of government.
Suggestions resulting from this analysis include further integration of sustainable development strategies at all levels of
Australian government to encourage further protection of the environment and, for Russia, creating a separate Ministry of
Environmental Protection. These approaches should assist facilitation of sustainable development for both nations.
Readers should send their comments on this paper to: BhaskarNath@aol.com within 3 months of publication of this issue. 相似文献
522.
Like all rapidly developing countries, the government of Iran (GOI) has to integrate environment priorities into its energy
sector. In order to integrate environmental concerns into energy sector, an Energy-Environment Review (EER) may be considered
as the mainstreaming tool capable of examining the interface between energy and the environment. The results of the EER should
be interpreted, in the light of the objective of the 4th Five Year Development Plan in Iran, to achieve fast and sustainable
growth and accelerate the transition to a market economy. In particular, the suggested actions will promote economic efficiency
use of energy resources through a proper allocation of scarce resources, including environmental resources, so as to achieve
economic efficiency and environmental and social protection. This paper comprises: (A) an analysis of the current situation
with regards to energy production and consumption; (B) an evaluation of the growth prospects with regard to energy production
and consumption; (C) the identification of environmental issues induced by the generation and use of energy and estimation
of the associated costs of damages; (D) the evaluation of the extent of contribution to the climate-change phenomenon through
emission of greenhouse gases; (E) the evaluation of the proposed mitigation measures for the previously identified environmental
problems; and (F) conclusions and recommendations. The EER-Iran assessed the total health damage from air pollution in 2001 at
about 56 × 1012 Rials (US $ seven billion); equivalent to 8.4% of nominal GDP. In the absence of the price reform and control policies, the
EER-Iran estimated that the damage in Iran in the money of 2001, will grow to 155 × 1012 Rials (US $ nine billion) by 2019. This is equivalent to 10.9% of nominal GDP, i.e., a large percentage of a larger GDP.
Of this total, 107 × 1012 Rials (US $ 8.4 billion) come from transport sector. The damage cost to the global environment from the flaring of natural
gas, assessed on the basis of a carbon price of US $ 10/ton CO2, is found to be approximately US $ 600 million per year.
Readers should send their comments on this paper to: BhaskarNath@aol.com within 3 months of publication of this issue. 相似文献
523.
J. R. Park M. J. Stabler P. J. Jones S. R. Mortimer J. R. Tiffin R. B. Tranter 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2009,11(4):735-750
The issue of the sustainable development of rural economies in England has recently received considerable attention. This
is because many of the poorest areas in the country are rural, often of high environmental quality, but suffering from high
unemployment and a lack of services and facilities. The rapid decline in agricultural incomes and in-migration of affluent
urban workers since 1990 has exacerbated economic inequality in such areas. A number of factors have the potential to drive
rural development and this paper applies, and considers, the feasibility of a method from the USA for combining economic and
environmental variables in a regional growth model to examine the hypothesis that environmental quality is an important determinant
of sustainable rural development in England. The model output suggests that, although environmental quality does play a role
in sustainable rural development in England there are other, more important, factors driving development. These include business
and communications infra-structure, the degree and opportunities for commuting and underlying employment prospects. The robustness
and limitations of the method for combining economic and environmental variables is discussed in relation to the spatial interrelatedness
of Local Authority Districts in England, and conclusions are drawn about areas for refinement and improvement of the method.
相似文献
J. R. ParkEmail: |
524.
Himayatullah Khan 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2009,11(2):293-305
Using survey-based data approach for modeling the demand for environmental goods/resources, this study estimates income and
price elasticities of demand for improved environmental quality of two National Parks in Northern Pakistan. The study uses
data from two studies. The estimates indicate that improved environmental quality effects can be described as a luxury and
an ordinary and price elastic service. Confidence intervals show however that the classification as a luxury is not statistically
significant. Income elasticities of willingness to pay are estimated for a broad range of environmental services. The study
finds that income and willingness to pay vary directly and significantly. The elasticity estimates, in general, are greater
than zero, but less than unity. The study concludes that environmental improvements are more beneficial to low-income groups
than for high-income groups.
相似文献
Himayatullah KhanEmail: |
525.
Qiu Cai Mei-Li Long Ming Zhu Qing-Zhen Zhou Ling Zhang Jie Liu 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(11):3078-3082
Cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb) are environmental pollutants. Environmental samples and bovine tissues were collected from the areas around a lead–zinc smelter in Guizhou, China for Cd, Pb, zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) analysis. Cd in soil (10 mg/kg) and feed (6.6 mg/kg) from the polluted areas was 10 times higher than the Chinese Standards, resulting in higher Cd in bovine kidney (38 mg/kg) and liver (2.5 mg/kg). Pb in feed (132 mg/kg) from the polluted area was much higher than unpolluted areas, causing higher Pb levels in bovine tissues. Environmental Zn was elevated, but bovine tissue Zn was normal. Cu in bovine liver decreased with increased Cd and Pb. Metals in drinking water and in bovine muscle were within the Standard range. Thus, in the areas of this lead–zinc smelter, the environment has been contaminated with Cd and Pb, which has been transferred to cattle through the food chain. 相似文献
526.
Jessica Nihlén Fahlquist 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》2009,22(2):109-124
The actions performed by individuals, as consumers and citizens, have aggregate negative consequences for the environment.
The question asked in this paper is to what extent it is reasonable to hold individuals and institutions responsible for environmental
problems. A distinction is made between backward-looking and forward-looking responsibility. Previously, individuals were
not seen as being responsible for environmental problems, but an idea that is now sometimes implicitly or explicitly embraced
in the public debate on environmental problems is that individuals are appropriate targets for blame when they perform actions
that are harmful to the environment. This idea is criticized in this paper. It is argued that instead of blaming individuals
for performing actions that are not environmentally friendly we should ascribe forward-looking responsibility to individuals,
a notion that focuses more on capacity and resources than causation and blameworthiness. Furthermore, it is important to emphasize
that a great share of forward-looking responsibility should also be ascribed to institutional agents, primarily governments
and corporations. The urge to ascribe forward-looking responsibility to institutional agents is motivated by the efficiency
aim of responsibility distributions. Simply put, if responsibility is ascribed to governments and corporations there is a
better chance of creating a society in which the opportunities to act in an environmentally friendly way increase. 相似文献
527.
Shinya Inazumi Hiroyasu Ohtsu Yu Otake Makoto Kimura Masashi Kamon 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2009,11(1):55-64
An evaluation method that can express the local leakage of leachate from joint sections in steel pipe sheet pile (SPSP) cutoff
walls is discussed in this study. In particular, the evaluation of environmental feasibility (containment of leachates containing
toxic substances) considering a three-dimensional arrangement and hydraulic conductivity distribution of the joint sections
in the SPSP cutoff wall is compared with an evaluation that uses the equivalent hydraulic conductivity. This equivalent hydraulic
conductivity assumes that the joint section and the steel pipe are integrated; therefore, the hydraulic conductivity is substituted
with a uniform permeable layer. However, in an evaluation that employs the equivalent hydraulic conductivity, it is difficult
to consider the local leakage of leachate containing toxic substances from the joint sections in the SPSP cutoff wall. It
was established that evaluations of the environmental feasibility of SPSP cutoff walls with joint sections must take into
account the local leakage of leachates containing toxic substances from the joint sections. Also, it was clarified that technologies
that lower the hydraulic conductivities of joint sections in SPSP cutoff walls and also facilitate the use of sparser joint
arrangements contribute significantly to increasing the environmental feasibility of SPSP cutoff walls at landfill sites. 相似文献
528.
529.
复杂社会技术系统安全控制人因研究的转变趋向 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
在分析复杂社会技术系统的特征及其事故机制的基础上,总结出目前安全控制的人因研究领域中的4种新趋向:分别是从关注个体因素到关注组织因素;从强调行政控制到呼吁社会控制;从考察近端因子到探讨远端征兆;从考核导向向优化发展导向。四大趋势的转变为系统的安全控制提供了新的视角,也开辟了安全控制研究新的领域。最后,笔者结合4方面的转变,针对我国实际情况提出了相应的企业安全管理建议。 相似文献
530.
西安市城中村事故隐患分析及对策措施研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
以实地调查所得的西安市城中村的安全状况为依据,针对西安市城中村事故频发、救援困难的特点,从系统论的观点,全面分析了西安市城中村这一系统所存在的主要危险有害因素,得到以西安市城中村灾害事故为顶上事件的事故树,充分运用事故树模型,计算得出西安市城中村存在的主要危险有害因素的结构重要度排序。本次调查研究以有效的解决西安市城中村事故隐患为目的,利用系统论和FTA为研究手段,针对目前西安城中村事故隐患提出了“五加强”的对策:加强施工安全规范、加强交通管理、加强治安巡查力度、加强基础设施建设、加强消防知识教育,为全国各大城市城中村事故隐患问题的解决提供一定的参考。 相似文献