创新我国环境监测质量管理体系初探

在调研国内外环境监测质量管理模式的基础上,提出了强化环境监测统一监督管理,建立国家环境监测质量管理与技术中心、区域(流域)环境监测质量管理与技术中心,完善各级环境监测机构质量管理工作体系的设想.     

太湖饮用水源地蓝藻水华预警监测体系的构建

从预警机制的建立与分工、预警监测时间的确定、预警监测的启动、预警信息的发布、预警监测的终止、预警监测的工作流程等方面,建立了太湖引用水源地蓝藻水华预警监测体系。指出了政府必须在资金、物资、人才、技术等方面给予预警监测体系充足的保障,确保预警监测体系长期有效地运行。     

完善应急监测网络 提高环境管理能力

阐述了建立广东省环境应急监测网络的重要性,以及加大对环境应急监测网络建设投入、配套信息系统及公告制度建设的要求、方法、程序,并从完善应急监测网络,建立应急监测法规体系,加强应急监测队伍建设等方面对广东省环境应急监测体系的发展方向进行了探讨。     

A New Approach to Plant Diversity Assessment Combining HPLC Data, Simplex Mixture Design and Discriminant Analysis

The quantitative assessment of plant diversity and its monitoring with time represent a key environmental issue for management and conservation of natural resources. Assessment of plant diversity could be based on chemical analyses of secondary metabolites (e.g. flavonoids, terpenoids), because of the substantial quantitative and qualitative between-individual variability in such compounds. At a geographical scale, the plant populations become widely dispersed, and their monitoring from numerous routine individual analyses could become restricting. To overcome such constraint, this study develops a multivariate calibration model giving the relative frequency of a particular taxon from a simple high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of a plant mixture. The model was built from a complete set of mixtures combining different taxons, according to an experimental design (Scheffé’s matrix). For each mixture, a reference HPLC pattern was simulated by averaging the individual HPLC profiles of the constitutive taxons. The calibration models, based on Bayesian discriminant analysis (BDA), gave statistical relationships between the contributions of each taxon in mixtures and reference HPLC patterns of these mixtures. Finally, these models were validated on new mixtures by using outside plants. This new biodiversity survey approach is illustrated on four chemical taxons (four chemotypes) of Astragalus caprinus (Fabaceae). The more differentiated the taxon, the better predicted its contributions (in mixtures) were by BDA calibration model. This new approach could be very useful for a global routine survey of plant diversity.     

重庆市环境质量自动监测(控)系统网络集成设计

针对目前重庆市环境空气质量自动监测现状,结合自动监控系统设计先进技术和国内部分省市已建成的环境信息监控网络的先进经验,对重庆市环境空气自动监测监控系统的建设进行设计,并介绍了环境空气质量自动监测监控系统的组成和实现的功能.现有的自动监测系统存在不同类型设备、通讯方式落后等问题,建设重庆市环境质量自动监控系统的思路是采用GPRS/CDMA/ADSL为主的数据通信传输技术,建立通信控制和信息集成系统,把重庆市环境空气、水、噪声自动监测系统进行系统化的集成,设计成一个完善的环境信息自动化动态监控平台.     

Current practice and shortcomings of EIA in Lithuania

The paper provides an overview of EIA system applications and assesses its effectiveness in Lithuania. A combination of archival research and quantitative/qualitative analysis was used to identify the main shortcomings of the EIA process in Lithuania: subjectivity in forecasting environmental effects, insufficient consideration of alternatives, politicisation of the process and incompetence of authorities involved. The research revealed that a thorough knowledge of EIA procedures and legal requirements may be a solution to these problems, especially when the stages related to forecasting the effects and evaluating the results are strictly reserved for recognized experts. The work concludes on the suggestions to involve in EIA process relevant authorities and to increase the competence of EIA practitioners.     

大气压光电离技术及其在环境污染物分析中的应用

介绍了液相色谱-质谱联用(LC-MS)技术中新型软电离技术大气压光电离法(APPI)的基本原理、鼻子源结构以及电离的影响因素,综述了LC-APPI-MS在环境污染物定性定量分析中的应用.     

上海市降尘监测中存在的问题

降尘监测是探索大气可自然沉降颗粒物对环境影响的不可缺少的手段之一.降尘监测因其采样设备简便、操作简单易行等优点被广泛运用,但是监测周期长、环节多等因素都会影响降尘监测的准确性.通过对上海市降尘数据分析发现,上海市降尘监测中存在降尘数据波动大、受周边环境影响大、人为破坏多等问题,并就这些问题提出了若干建议和解决办法.     

区域空气自动监测数据审核方法与制度的探索

区域空气自动监测网络地理分布范围大、系统仪器设备众多、监测数据以海量计,如何对数据进行审核是一个值得关注的问题.以粤港珠江三角洲区域空气监测网络的实践为例,探讨了区域空气自动监测的数据审核方法与制度.