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931.
Brooke E. Buckley Walter W. Piegorsch R. Webster West 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2009,16(1):53-62
In modern environmental risk analysis, inferences are often desired on those low dose levels at which a fixed benchmark risk
is achieved. In this paper, we study the use of confidence limits on parameters from a simple one-stage model of risk historically
popular in benchmark analysis with quantal data. Based on these confidence bounds, we present methods for deriving upper confidence
limits on extra risk and lower bounds on the benchmark dose. The methods are seen to extend automatically to the case where
simultaneous inferences are desired at multiple doses. Monte Carlo evaluations explore characteristics of the parameter estimates
and the confidence limits under this setting.
相似文献
R. Webster WestEmail: |
932.
Carmen Arguedas Daan P. van Soest 《Journal of Environmental Economics and Management》2009,58(2):192-205
Investment subsidies are widely used to induce adoption of new technologies that can lower the (marginal) cost of reducing emissions. To economize on these subsidies, governments would like to distinguish between firms that need to receive a subsidy to adopt a new technology, and firms that would adopt that technology even without subsidies. We show that policies consisting of a menu of emission taxes and investment subsidies can potentially induce firms to self-select. 相似文献
933.
Rapant S Cvecková V Dietzová Z Khun M Letkovicová M 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2009,31(1):11-25
This study presents an assessment of the potential impact of geological contamination of the environment on the health of
the population in Spišsko-Gemerské rudohorie Mts. (SGR Mts.). The concentration levels of potentially toxic elements (mainly
As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, Sb, and Zn) were determined in soils, groundwater, surface water, and stream sediments as well as in the
food chain (locally grown vegetables). A medical study included some 30 health indicators for all 98 municipalities of the
study area. The As and Sb contents in human fluids and tissues were analyzed in one municipality identified to be at the highest
risk. Based on element content, environmental and health risks were calculated for respective municipalities. Out of 98 municipalities
14 were characterized with extremely high environmental risk and 10 were characterized with very high carcinogenic risk from
arsenic (groundwater). Extensive statistical analysis of geochemical data (element contents in soils, groundwater, surface
water, and stream sediments) and health indicators was performed. Significant correlations between element contents in the
geological environment and health indicators, mainly cancer and cardiovascular diseases, were identified. Biological monitoring
has confirmed the transfer of elements from the geological environment to human fluids and tissues as well as to the local
food chain. 相似文献
934.
Characterization and control of odorous gases at a landfill site: a case study in Hangzhou, China 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Ying D Chuanyu C Bin H Yueen X Xuejuan Z Yingxu C Weixiang W 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2012,32(2):317-326
Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills are one of the major sources of offensive odors potentially creating annoyance in adjacent communities. At the end of May 2007, an odor pollution incident occurred at the Tianziling landfill site, Hangzhou, China, where the residents lodged complaints about the intense odor from the landfill, which drew a significant attention from the government. In this study, ambient air monitoring was conducted at the Tianziling landfill site. The main odor composition of the gas samples collected on June 1st 2007 and the reduction of various odorous gases from the samples collected on June 1st 2009 due to the applied odor control techniques were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In addition, variations of primary odorous gaseous (NH3 and H2S) concentrations at different locations in the landfill site from July 2007 to June 2009 were also investigated by using classical spectrophotometric methods. Results showed that a total of 68 volatile compounds were identified among which H2S (56.58-579.84 μg/m3) and NH3 (520-4460 μg/m3) were the notable odor components contributing to 4.47-10.92% and 83.91-93.94% of total concentrations, respectively. Similar spatial and temporal shifts of H2S and NH3 concentrations were observed and were significantly affected by environmental factors including temperature, air pressure and wind direction. Odor pollution was worse when high temperature, high humidity, low air pressure, and southeast, northeast or east wind appeared. Moreover, the environmental sampling points of the dumping area and the leachate treatment plant were found to be the main odor sources at the Tianziling landfill site. The odor control technologies used in this project had a good mitigating effect on the primary odorous compounds. This study provides long-term valuable information concerning the characteristics and control of odors at landfill sites in a long run. 相似文献
935.
936.
The Lagoon Olho d'Água in Pernambuco State, Northeast Brazil has received increasing environmental concern due to significant stress from pollution in the catchment. The existing environmental problems are the result of great pressure from a broad range of human activities, especially in the last 10 years. Serious pollution exists mainly from some industrial and urban activities, which increased intensively after the eighties. There is a strong social and economical pressure for housing and construction near the lagoon, due to the available land nearby beaches and estuarine zone, and recently by growing tourism activities. Uncontrolled land use by low-income communities and the pressure for construction by developers have led to landfilling and to deterioration of water quality in the lagoon catchment. Improvement of the environmental conditions in the catchment needs integrated measures. Guidelines and some specific actions involving several institutions have been established and refer to sanitation and urban infrastructure as the main priorities. A main target is the construction of low-cost sewage system with smaller and decentralised treatment plants. 相似文献
937.
浅谈县级市环境监测与环境管理的关系 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
监测与管理是环保工作中最基本、最重要的两个方面,本文较详细地探讨了县级市环境监测和环境管理的定义、范围及内容,并从依靠与服务的根本关系上强调;只有两者有机结合、互相支持才能搞好新形势下的环保工作。 相似文献
938.
将华莺山建设成为川东生态屏障 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
生态环境保护是环保工作的重要内容,是实地西部大开发的主要工程之一。本文就控制环境污染、保护生物多样性、提高植被覆盖率论述了环境保护与生态环境建设的关系,并依据华蓥山系存在的生态环境问题,阐明了加强环境保护与川东生态屏障建设的基本对策。 相似文献
939.
ANU A. GOKHALE 《Environmental management》2001,28(2):187-193
India is fast finding its place in the industrialized world and that is beginning to raise its environmental consciousness.
The Delphi technique was used to prioritize specific needs and articulate a sustainable urban improvement strategy for the
city of Mumbai (formerly Bombay). The Delphi technique is a means of achieving consensual validity among raters by providing
them feedback regarding other raters' responses. Mumbai has several indigenous environmental groups that were tapped for activists
and leaders; the study was conducted using ten environmentalists. In the initial phases the responses resulted in a range
of possible program alternatives. The last two stages helped to seek out information that generated a consensus on the part
of the respondent group. Statistical analysis methods included a hierarchical cluster analysis, mean, median, mode, and percent
of agreement calculations using SPSS software. The face-to-face discussion in phase 4 clarified some issues and helped the
group as a whole to outline the strategy for putting in place the essential elements of a framework to improve the quality
of life in an urban environment. 相似文献
940.