Diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii in oligotrophic versus eutrophic culture: models and ultrastructure

Populations of marine diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii were grown in continuous cultures enriched with f/2 medium. One of the two contrasting cultures (‘eutrophic’) received 5.6 times more nutrients than the other (‘oligotrophic’). Two mathematical models are analyzed to estimate eutrophication differences. The second model based on the Michaelis–Menten uptake and Droop growth shows that cells in the eutrophic culture should have about 56% higher content of silica which is the limiting nutrient. Diatom samples were prepared for the transmission electron microscopy after cells have been kept in chemostats for 37 days. The structure of diatom cells was investigated and a comparison is made between cells grown in oligotrophic and eutrophic conditions. In eutrophic culture, dividing cells were encountered more frequently while cell concentration was approximately equal in both chemostats. The central vacuole of cells in eutrophic culture accumulated dispersed and compact material from amorphous to spherical shape. In some cells the large central vacuole had fibrilar and peppered dense materials in addition to translucent granules, vesicules and multivesicular bodies. In the cytoplasm we found increased number of multivesicular bodies, dense and lucent granules some of which enclose membrane particles and lucent vesicules. Dense material depositions observed in the vacuole are also seen in the cytoplasm associated with organelles, mitochondria and plasmalemma. Cells have well-developed, active and slightly increased number of dictyosomes (5–6). Some dictyosomes with dense secretory material in the cistern are apparently engaged in a granule formation process. Functional significance of dense material in the central vacuole, which has not been observed in cells grown in oligotrophic condition, is discussed.     

Seasonal dynamics of macro-algae in the South Lake of Tunis

The macro-algae communities observed in the south lake of Tunis are characterized by the predominance of nitrophilous algae which are in the order of biomass importance:Ulva, Cladophora andEnteromorpha. We have noted seasonal changes of alga distribution. The wind appears to be one of the most important factors influencing this distribution. The total biomass reaches a maximum in the spring. Rapid decomposition of the biomass leads to a severe ecological imbalance, resulting in crises of anoxia and fish death. A restoration project has already started. It aims at removal of contaminated muds and the introduction of a new circulation system. The main objectives of this work were to collect information on the distribution and biomass of the phytobenthic communities as a first step in the constitution of a database for further comparison.     

宜兴、溧阳河流主要水质指标的年际变化与成因分析

探讨了宜溧地区河流水环境的演化趋势及其主要影响因子。结果表明 :总磷总氮年际变化无明显上升趋势 ,CODMn则相反 ;影响CODMn浓度变化的因子是工业点源排放 ,影响总氮浓度变化的因子是化肥使用量 ,影响总磷浓度变化的因子是生活污染。     

大连市环保产业发展趋势分析

介绍了大连市近年来环保产业的发展状况,分析了大连市环保产业市场的特点。对未来15年的发展趋势作了预测,指出了今后面临的挑战和机遇。     

POLLUTION THREATS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA: AN OVERVIEW

This overview summarises the present knowledge on major sources of pollution, which are of concern for the Mediterranean Sea. Eutrophication, red tides, organic loads, hydrocarbon spills, heavy metal contamination and their biological effects are described on the light of the ecological characteristics of the Mediterranean. In particular special attention is paid to the "new pollution" processes; i.e. , the introduction of novel substances with biological activity that might have synergetic effects with "classical pollutants". Different compartments and marine ecosystems are considered and compared. The degree of anthropogenic impact and its apparent trends are discussed. Possible monitoring plans and remedial actions for a sustainable management of coastal zones subjected to increasing pollution are also suggested.     

探讨面向21世纪环境保护发展的压力

按目前形势发展预测,近些年内我国环境状况难以得到根本改善,由于能源和水资源紧缺,下世纪初环境保护将承受巨大压力。根据数据分析,改善消费结构、推行清洁生产、推动经济国际化进程有利于降低对环境的压力     

哈尔滨市增设空气质量监测点位研究

分析哈尔滨市空气污染的现状、特征和变化趋势,对现有监测点位监测数据的代表性进行回顾性评估,确定增设点位的必要性.进行拟增设点位周围大气污染源调查,收集相关气象资料,进行城市建设规划及土地利用规划调查,划分一定的网格开展空气质量监测,采用数学统计方法对监测数据进行处理,初步确定测点位置.进行指标检查及技术论证,最终确定增设监测点位.     

滇池水华综合控制对策探讨

水华污染已成为滇池目前面临的主要环境问题，滇池水华治理被国家列为重中之重的项目而予以高度重视，据多年的监测资料，滇池水华的各类主要是蓝藻门的微囊藻，其次为束丝藻和鱼腥藻。该文从多方面分析了滇池水华泛滥的原因，在此基础上提出了滇池水华控制和富营养化治理的综合对策，特别强调了滇池水华必须坚持控制污染源与生态修复相结合的原则。     

香港的有害废物管理动向

为了给都市型地区的有害废物管理工作以借鉴，本文详细介绍了香港地区近１０年通过建立有害废物立法管理，制订污染控制总体规划，强化政府对有害废物的有效管理手段，以及近期和今后的主要管理措施的发展动态。     

Examination of dioxin fluxes recorded in dated aquatic-sediment cores in the Kanto region of Japan using multivariate data analysis

Past dioxin (coplanar polychlorinated biphenyl (Co-PCB), 2,3,7,8-substituted polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD) and 2,3,7,8-substituted polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF)) fluxes recorded in dated aquatic-sediment cores were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA). The data set consisted of samples from four cores collected from the Kanto region of Japan. Time trends and spatial differences in the dioxin flux were examined, and the potential relationship to emission sources was investigated. Twenty-five compounds and 58 core slices, corresponding to the later half of the 20th century, were subjected to the analysis. The PCA of both log-transformed and maximum-value-standardized data successfully divided the dioxin compounds into a small number of groups, and three similar clusters of Co-PCBs, PCDDs and penta- to hepta-CDFs were identified. PCB formulations used in the past are judged to have been responsible for the major part of the Co-PCB flux recorded in the sediment cores. However, the relationship to emission sources needs further investigation. It is suggested that most 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDDs and PCDFs are different from Co-PCBs in their emission sources or movements in the environment. The subcore clusters obtained from the PCA of log-transformed data show that the cores from different sampling areas exhibited distinct dioxin fluxes and compositions. Common time trends among the cores were more effectively summarized by the PCA of maximum-value-standardized data focusing on relative time trends. PC scores show that recently the flux of each dioxin compound in the four cores has been generally declining after having reached a peak.