海门市城区二氧化氮污染物浓度呈上升趋势的调查与分析

通过调查海门市城区所有NOX和NO2排放源,从排放情况和NO2月浓度变化情况分析,得出了海门市城区NO2污染物浓度呈上升趋势的结果。     

全球实施《21世纪议程》的主要进展与趋势

从全球角度对世界环境与发展大会以来《21世纪议程》的主要实施进展进行了总结.分析表明,全球经济实现了大幅增长,在消除贫困、推进城市化、节约集约利用资源等方面取得积极进展,但在有关国际公约和承诺的履行方面尚需付出巨大努力.通过对当前全球可持续发展面临的重大挑战和未来趋势进行的分析,认为当前全球可持续发展主要面临三大挑战,即重大全球性环境问题对人类生存构成的直接威胁加大、发展空间争夺更趋激烈和全球性民生问题凸显;全球可持续发展主要呈现四大趋势,即可持续发展进一步由理念向全球行动转化、全球向绿色发展转型、新兴发展中国家成为全球可持续发展的重要推动力和可持续发展领域国际关系呈现竞争性合作.     

A brief history of phosphorus: from the philosopher's stone to nutrient recovery and reuse

The element phosphorus has no substitute in sustaining all life and food production on our planet. Yet today’s phosphorus use patterns have resulted in both a global environmental epidemic of eutrophication and led to a situation where the future availability of the world’s main sources of phosphorus is uncertain. This paper examines the important history of human interference with the phosphorus cycle from initial discovery to present, highlighting key interrelated events and consequences of the Industrial Revolution, Sanitation Revolution and Green Revolution. Whilst these events led to profound advances in technology, public health and food production, they have fundamentally broken the global phosphorus cycle. It is clear a ‘Fourth Revolution’ is required to resolve this dilemma and ensure humanity can continue to feed itself into the future while protecting environmental and human health.     

石油炼化企业烟气脱硫技术研究进展

石油炼化企业由于烟气特点、排放特征和减排设施的差别,导致了各炼化企业所采用的烟气脱硫技术的差别较大,尚无成熟、有效、经济的烟气脱硫技术,各炼化企业需要采用的二氧化硫减排技术差别也较大,选用适合炼化企业烟气脱硫的可行工艺技术具有重要现实意义。综合分析了目前国内外已工业化应用的主要烟气脱硫工艺、原理、技术的优缺点以及石油炼化企业烟气脱硫技术的发展趋势,为石油炼化企业烟气脱硫技术研究提供了借鉴和参考依据,并对石油炼化企业未来烟气脱硫技术的研究和选用提出了建议。     

The Costs of Meeting the Environmental Objectives for the Baltic Sea: A Review of the Literature

The environmental targets of the recently agreed Baltic Sea Action Plan (BSAP) targets are likely associated with a considerable cost, which motivates a search for low-cost policies. The following review shows there is a substantial literature on cost-efficient nutrient reduction strategies, including suggestions regarding low-cost abatement, but actual policies at international and national scale tend to be considerably more expensive due to lack of instruments that ensure a cost-efficient allocation of abatement across countries and sectors. Economic research on the costs of reducing hazardous substances and oil spill damages in the Baltic Sea is not available, but lessons from the international literature suggest that resources could be used more efficiently if appropriate analysis is undertaken. Common to these pollution problems is the need to ensure that all countries in the region are provided with positive incentives to implement international agreements.     

Evaluation of several priority pollutants in zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) in the largest Italian subalpine lakes

Zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) has been used for the biomonitoring of several POPs (PCBs, DDTs, HCB and HCHs) in the largest Italian subalpine great lakes (Lake Maggiore, Garda, Como, Iseo and Lugano). Samplings were carried out in April 2003 at 15 locations selected according to industrial and anthropic levels of lakes. Results have pointed out high DDT levels in D. polymorpha specimens from Lake Maggiore (700-1400 ng/g lipids, 5-9 times higher than those measured in mussels of other Italian lakes), due to a contamination from a chemical plant located on one of the main lake inlet that occurred in 1996. On the contrary, PCB levels (400-2509 ng/g lipids) highlighted an overall pollution, with some sporadic peaks of contamination. Data showed a moderate increase trend compared to those found in a previous monitoring campaign carried out in 1996. Future monitoring is needed in order to confirm this tendency.     

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and organochlorines in melon-headed whales, Peponocephala electra, mass stranded along the Japanese coasts: maternal transfer and temporal trend

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and organochlorine compounds (OCs) were determined in the blubber of 55 melon-headed whales (Peponocephala electra) mass stranded along the Japanese coasts since 1982. DDTs and PCBs were predominant in all the specimens investigated. In whales that died during the latest event in 2006, concentrations of PBDEs (190–510 ng/g lipid wt) were approximately two orders of magnitude lower than DDTs and PCBs, but comparable with HCHs and HCB. Maternal transfer of PBDEs to offspring through the whole reproductive process was estimated to be 85% of the mother's body burden, while that occurring during gestation was much lower (2.6–3.5%). Concentrations of PCBs, DDTs, and HCB were lower in melon-headed whales stranded after the year 2000 than those stranded in 1982, whereas PBDE and CHL levels showed a temporal increase during the past 20 years, suggesting that the peak of their usage and contamination occurred after the year 1982.     

Patterns and sources of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans in surficial sediments of Lakes Erie and Ontario

This study determines spatial trends and congener patterns of 2378-substituted polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in surficial sediments of Lakes Erie and Ontario. Sediments are enriched in 2378-PCDFs in Lake Ontario, and the PCDD/F concentrations increased from shallow near-shore sediments towards deep-water depositional zone sediments. In Lake Erie, sediments were dominated by octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, and the highest PCDD/F concentrations were observed in the western basin and the southern shoreline of the central basin with a decrease towards the eastern basin and the northern shoreline of the central basin. Principal components analysis revealed that chemical manufacture and disposal of chemical waste along the Niagara River has been a major PCDD/F source to Lake Ontario; while PCDD/Fs in Lake Erie are from multiple sources including industrial sources along the Detroit River, major tributaries along the southern shoreline of the lake, and atmospherically-derived material from the upper lakes and connecting channels.     

输变电工程建设的环保要求及其变化趋势分析

从环境敏感区的保护、公众参与、土地占用、施工期环境影响、景观协调性等方面对输变电工程规划、设计和建设过程中的环保要求以及变化趋势进行了较为全面的分析,对输变电工程规划、选址、选线、施工阶段等环节提出环境保护方面的意见和建议.     

自动控制系统在污水处理厂的应用分析

说明了污水处理厂自动控制系统的类型、特点与应用研究现状,介绍了自控系统在国内外污水处理厂的应用研究现状,分析了污水处理厂自控系统广泛应用的限制因素,并指出了今后污水处理厂自控系统的发展趋势。