邛海水体富营养化的综合评价

为了研究近年来邛海水质的富营养化状况,本文以2010年邛海4个水质监测点水质监测资料为基础,采用模糊数学的方法对邛海营养状态进行综合评价。结果表明,邛海水质在青龙寺、二水厂和海河口属于贫营养,在公园属于中营养,说明近年来随着邛海及周边环境治理工程的加强,水体富营养化得到一定的遏制。     

DROUGH TREND IN NORTH CHINA IN RECENT FIFTY YEARS

Inrecentseveralyears ,abnormaldroughtoccursinthepartnorthernofChina .Itex ertssomeinfluenceonChina’snationaleconomyandhasarousedwideattentionfromallwalksoflife .Muchresearchindrought wetindexhasbeendonebothathomeandabroad .Theresultcanbeclassifiedintotwocategories:first,droughtindexdirectlyisdefinedbyprecipitationorothermeteorologicalfactors;second ,droughtindexisidentifiedbycalculatinggainingandlos ingoflocalwaterinaccordancewithequationofwaterbalance ,andsomealsoconsidertheim pactofdrought…     

DETERMINING RAINS OF HYDROLOGIC CONSEQUENCE IN CHICAGO FOR FORECASTING APPLICATIONS1

ABSTRACT: Accurate forecasting of heavy rainstorms that affect the Chicago Metropolitan area and lead to the undesirable release of storm runoff into Lake Michigan is a major objective. These releases (overflows) were found to be produced by storm events yielding 2 inches or more in a few hours, although only 24 percent of such ≥ 2-inch storms in the area during 1948-1981 produced overflows. Failure to forecast properly or to be able to react to these 2-inch overflow producing events has occurred most often in the spring and fall, although relatively often in June and July in recent years. These overflows have exhibited an inexplicable trebling during 1972-1981 without an increase in ≥ 2-inch storm events. This type of troublesome storm can be reliably predicted, using a recently developed radar man forecast system for the Chicago area.     

我国荒漠化基本特点及加快荒漠化地区发展的意义

我国是世界上受荒漠化危害最严重的国家之一，荒漠化面积大、分布广、程度重、扩展快，危害深。虽然荒漠化治理取得了一定成就，但只是局部地区得到了治理，荒漠化整体上仍在扩展，这些严重制约了荒漠化地区乃至我国人口、资源与环境的协调发展。荒漠化地区在我国国民经济、社会发展和环境保护等方面具有举足轻重的地位，防治荒漠化对于缩小东西部差距、消除贫困、促进荒漠化地区以及整个中国经济的腾飞具有重要意义。     

沉水植物对受污染水体的修复机理及应用前景研究

随着工农业的发展和人口的增加,水体污染已经成为全球的环境问题,沉水植物修复是治理水体污染的主要措施之一。在总结了沉水植物对受污染水体的修复机理及其应用的基础上,对利用沉水植物净化污染水体的前景进行了展望。     

鞍山市城郊污灌区农地污染状况分析与评价

土壤是人类赖以生存的自然资源,它能把大量有机物最终分解为二氧化碳和水,以及各种土壤基肥的其他组成部分,但当施入的废弃物超过土壤的自净力时,就会破坏土壤的正常机能,使之失去自然生态平衡,从而严重影响农作物的产量和品质。文章主要就鞍山市城郊污灌区的农地重金属与农药污染状况作出分析与评价,并利用趋势面分析的方法得出污染的源地,以期为鞍山市污灌区的环境整治工作提供借鉴。     

莱州湾滨海平原咸水入侵分析与趋势预测——以山东省广饶县为例

文章以鲁北平原山东省广饶县为例,阐述了咸、淡水形成的地质背景、咸淡水变化带形成与演化;分析了大规模开发利用地下水引起的咸水入侵的历史与现状;采用非确定性模型方法对咸水入侵趋势进行了预测,提出了缓解咸水入侵的对策与建议。取得的主要认识和结论为:(1)鲁北平原自山前冲洪积扇向莱州湾滨海平原,地下水水质具有水平和垂直分带特征;(2)20世纪70年代中期大量开采南部地下淡水后,地下淡水水位持续下降,破坏了咸淡水之间的水动力平衡,北部咸水向南入侵,引起淡水咸水、机井报废等一系列环境地质问题;(3)预测结果表明,在不采取调控措施情况下,咸淡水界面以每年平均240m速度向南部推进;(4)人工回灌、营造淡水帷幕并减少淡水区开采量是防止咸水入侵的有效途径。     

Evaluation of ambient air quality in Guangzhou, China

On the basis of the reported air quality index （API） and air pollutant monitoring data provided by the Guangzhou Environment Monitoring Stations over the last twenty-five years, the characteristics of air quality, prominent pollutants, and variation of the average annual concentrations of SOE, NOE, total suspended particulate （TSP）, fine particulates （PM10）, CO and dustfall in Guangzhou City were analyzed. Results showed that TSP was the prominent pollutant in the ambient air environment of Guangzhou City. Of the prominent pollutants, TSP accounted for nearly 62%, SOE 12.3%, and NOx 6.4%, respectively. The average API of Guangzhou over 6 years was higher than that of Beijing, Tianjin, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Suzhou and Shanghai, and lower than that of Shenzhen, Zhuhai and Shantou. Concentrations of air pollutants have shown a downward trend in recent years, but they are generally worse than ambient air quality standards for USA, Hong Kong and EU. SOE and NOx pollution were still serious, impling that waste gas pollution from all kinds of vehicles had become a significant problem for environmental protection in Guangzhou. The possible causes of worsening air quality were also discussed in this paper.     

Ambient air quality trends and driving factor analysis in Beijing, 1983-2007

The interaction between pollution sources change and implementation of air pollution control measures was the main driving factor that caused the variation in air quality.     

Ambient air quality trends and driving factor analysis in Beijing, 1983–2007

The rapid development in Beijing, the capital of China, has resulted in serious air pollution problems. Meanwhile great efforts have been made to improve the air quality, especially since 1998. The variation in air quality under the interaction of pollution and control in this mega city has attracted much attention. We analyzed the changes in ambient air quality in Beijing since the 1980’s using the Daniel trend test based on data from long-term monitoring stations. The results showed that different polluta...