新丰江水库欧洲鳗网箱养殖对水质的影响

网箱养殖欧洲鳗使养殖区其周围水体中ＣＯＤ、总氮、总磷等污染物浓度明显升高，尤其大肠杆菌指标不能满足渔业水质标准，富营养化状态这中营养化水平。网箱养鳗过程输入氮的６１．０％，磷的７７．４％都积留于库内，造成局部水域氮磷负荷已明显高于可接受负荷荷甚至拉近危险负荷。     

One century sedimentary record of lead and zinc pollution in Yangzong Lake, a highland lake in southwestern China

Reconstruction of trace metal pollution histories and sources may help us to regulate current pollutant discharge. This is especially important for the highland lakes in southwestern China, which are facing trace metals pollution. We present sedimentary records of 11 metals accumulated in Yangzong Lake since the 1870's, a highland lake in southwestern China. Pollution of lead and zinc (Pb and Zn) was differentiated based on principal component analysis, geochemical normalization, and lead isotope ratios. Nearly all the metals as well as grain size composition show generally constant values before the mid-1980's, denoting stable detrital input in the catchment. Fluctuations in the concentrations of the metals as well as grain size composition since the mid-1980's indicate an increase in soil erosion with strengthened human disturbance in the catchment. After geochemical normalization, Pb and Zn showed constant values before 1990 AD and then a gradual increase in parallel with the variations in ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁶Pb and ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb ratios, indicating that Pb and Zn pollution occurred. Combining the data of ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁶Pb and ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb ratios in the sediments of Yangzong Lake, leaded gasoline, Pb-Zn ore and coal, and consumption or production historical trends, we deduced that the enhanced Pb and Zn pollution in Yangzong Lake is caused primarily by ore mining and refining.     

中国经济发展与水资源利用脱钩态势评价与展望

通过国内外相关文献研究与数据收集,构建了中国经济发展与水资源利用的脱钩时态分析模型。并应用该模型实证分析了新中国成立后1953—2010 年中国经济发展与水资源利用的脱钩态势,系统剖析了经济发展与水资源利用脱钩的内在机理。在此基础上,根据水资源消耗利用变化趋势,采用Logistic 模型,对我国水资源需求利用的自然发展趋势进行预测,并根据国家发展规划对水资源需求利用预测结果进行修正。同时从社会政治、经济技术方面进行水资源利用脱钩的可行性分析。结果表明,未来10 a,我国用水总量增长速度将加速减慢。预期至2020 年左右,我国经济发展与水资源利用有望保持绝对脱钩的发展态势,用水总量预计将进入缓慢下降期。     

曲靖市中心城区环境空气质量变化趋势

采用空气综合污染指数法评价体系对曲靖市区环境空气质量现状进行评价,结果表明,2003～2011年曲靖市区环境空气综合污染指数为2.12,属于轻污染,污染负荷比最大的污染物为二氧化硫。年际变化趋势研究表明,2003～2011年曲靖市区环境空气中二氧化硫综合污染指数总体下降但趋势不显著,可吸入颗粒物总体无明显变化趋势,二氧化氮总体上升但趋势不显著。月际变化趋势研究表明,受气候影响,曲靖市区全年环境空气质量夏季和秋季明显好于春季和冬季。     

水体富营养化综合水质模型及其应用研究

针对水体富营养化问题，探讨了一种多参数水体富营养化的水质生态模型（ＷＡＳＰ４）。在阐述其原理和计算方法的基础上结合汉江武汉段１９９２年性水华事件的实例进行水质模型，其特点是，不仅能够较好地模拟浮游植物的变化过程。而且能够提供发生水华问题的原因和生态机理的解释。     

Effect of organic matter and pH on mercury release from soils

An investigation was conducted on the effect of organic matter(OM)and pH on mercury(Hg)release from soils.Hg release flux was measured using the dynamic flux chamber(DFC)combined with the Lumex multifunctional mercury analyzer in both laboratory experiment and field monitoring.The results showed that Hg emission from the OM-added soils was apparently low because of the high affinity of OM to Hg,resulting in the reverse order as the amount of OM addition.Meanwhile,Hg release flux from different pH value soils exhibited the same trend for both Hg~(2 )and Hg_2~(2 )treatment,increasing the Hg flux with pH value of soils increasing.The trend of Hg release in the pH dependence experiment has been well in agreement with that from the field test.In addition,Hg release seemed to be related to its species in the soil,the flux from Hg~(2 )-added soil was obviously higher than that of Hg_2~(2 )-added soil by the laboratory experiment.     

湖南省城市环境空气质量变化与防治对策研究

文章以2000年-2009年湖南省主要城市环境空气监测数据为基础,对全省大气污染因子二氧化硫(SO2)、二氧化氮(NO2)、可吸入颗粒物(PM10)近10年的监测数据进行统计,对大气环境质量状况与变化趋势进行分析,提出控制大气污染的技术、经济、管理等方面的对策措施。     

京津冀区域沙尘暴气候变化特征分析

利用京津冀区域内所辖65个站点1954—2002年的观测资料,分析了该区域内沙尘暴的气候变化特征。结果表明:京津冀区域绝大部分地区是沙尘暴的主要影响区,冀北高原是该区域沙尘暴的易发区和多发区,定州、饶阳一带是该区域沙尘暴的易发区。沙尘暴的发生时间具有明显的日变化特征和季节差异,沙尘暴的发生时间大多集中在中午至傍晚,且基本为春多秋少。该区域内沙尘暴发生的日数呈现整体减少趋势,各分区域的变化趋势具有相似性,只是在减少幅度和年代际减少趋势上略有不同。      

太湖富营养化现状,趋势及其综合整治对策

在１９９４￣１９９５年太湖９次富营养化现状调查基础上，评价了太湖各期营养程度，并分析了３５年来主要营养物含量发展趋势。结果表明，太湖营养水平处于中富向富营养过渡状态，中富面积约占全湖面积的７０％以上，夏季富营养及重富营养水域出现在北部湖区的梅梁湖、五里湖和西部沿岸带，约占全湖面积的１０％，３０多年来湖体中形态营养元素含量有较大增长，尤其是磷增长最快，使氮磷比下降。太湖水源地梅梁湖营养程度由１９８１     

基于人工神经网络的巢湖富营养化分时分区评价

应用人工神经网络方法,以温度、高锰酸盐指数、总磷、总氮作为评价参数,对巢湖湖区12个点位的营养状态进行了分时段评价,一共评价了2000年至2003年四个年度的各月份的营养状态。因为湖泊的营养状态水平是变化的,不同区域、不同时段营养状态水平是不同的,因此采用分区分时评价更能全面客观地反映巢湖的营养状态水平及其变化特征。