洱海微生物变化规律探讨

利用2000～2004年对洱海微生物的常规监测数据,探讨了洱海微生物的变化规律,并用微生物的水质评价指标,对洱海水质及富营养化状况作出评价.     

松花江肇源江段水质污染趋势的分析

以肇源环境监测站测定的NH3-N,IMn两项综合污染指标的数据分析及变化曲线为例(连续五年),阐述了松花江除吉林化工企业的老污染源的影响外,近几年沿江和江中岛油田的开发,对松花江又形成了新的污染,我们应当充分重视,以防止松花江上游有机污染的加重.     

江苏省酸雨污染十五年趋势分析

根据江苏省的酸雨监测资料,对该省酸雨污染现状及“七五”末以来的变化趋势进行了分析,结果表明:淮河以南酸雨污染普遍重于淮河以北地区;“七五”末以来酸雨频率有降低的趋势,但降水酸度并未减弱;降水组份中,硫酸根离子当量浓度仍占首位,酸雨带来的污染和生态破坏未得到明显减轻。     

啤酒厂废水处理技术浅析

根据国内啤酒废水水质水量特点，比较分析了国内啤酒废水治理技术和可供选择的治理方案，同时综合实例，指明了清洁生产是啤酒行业治理污染的必然选择，指出啤酒行业可以通过节约用水、啤酒酵母回收利用以及CO2回收利用等途径，实施清洁生产，从而实现经济效益、社会效益、环境效益三个统一。     

中国农村生活污水处理技术应用现状及研究方向

农村生活污水未经处理就直接排放，是造成农村水环境污染的原因之一，也是造成湖泊富营养化的重要因素，因此，归纳了目前国内一些先进的、适合于农村生活污水处理的技术，并对其研究方向进行了探讨和分析。     

基于张家界市环境质量变化的生态环境建设对策

本文通过对“九五”期间张家界市的生态环境质量进行回顾性分析评价,在掌握其区域自然特征和生态环境现状的基础上,运用环境科学的基本理论分析了张家界市环境质量变化原因和趋势,指出了张家界市存在的主要生态环境问题,并提出了若干对策来引导张家界市的生态环境建设,以实现其建设生态城市的宏伟目标.     

A Bayesian hierarchical model for monitoring harbor seal changes in Prince William Sound, Alaska

Bayesian hierarchical models were used to assess trends of harbor seals, Phoca vitulina richardsi, in Prince William Sound, Alaska, following the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill. Data consisted of 4–10 replicate observations per year at 25 sites over 10 years. We had multiple objectives, including estimating the effects of covariates on seal counts, and estimating trend and abundance, both per site and overall. We considered a Bayesian hierarchical model to meet our objectives. The model consists of a Poisson regression model for each site. For each observation the logarithm of the mean of the Poisson distribution was a linear model with the following factors: (1) intercept for each site and year, (2) time of year, (3) time of day, (4) time relative to low tide, and (5) tide height. The intercept for each site was then given a linear trend model for year. As part of the hierarchical model, parameters for each site were given a prior distribution to summarize overall effects. Results showed that at most sites, (1) trend is down; counts decreased yearly, (2) counts decrease throughout August, (3) counts decrease throughout the day, (4) counts are at a maximum very near to low tide, and (5) counts decrease as the height of the low tide increases; however, there was considerable variation among sites. To get overall trend we used a weighted average of the trend at each site, where the weights depended on the overall abundance of a site. Results indicate a 3.3% decrease per year over the time period.     

近40年来长江流域水沙变化趋势及可能影响因素探讨

利用Mann Kendall方法,分析了近40年长江流域主要水文站点（长江干流水文站：屏山站、宜昌站、汉口站与大通站;支流水文站：嘉陵江的北碚站和汉江的皇庄站）的流量及输沙率的变化特征。结果表明：①长江流域流量与输沙量变化受人类活动（土地利用、水利设施建设等）与自然因素（如降水的时空变化）综合因素影响,变化趋势表现出复杂性,上、中、下游各有特点;②长江流域屏山站以上流域输沙率有上升趋势（1~5月份上升趋势达到95%的置信度水平）,这与上游河床坡度较大,使泥沙不易沉积以及暴雨与降水增加有关;③长江中下游输沙呈显著下降趋势。计算结果表明,宜昌-汉口河段是长江流域泥沙主要沉积区,加上葛州坝与三峡工程的建成与投入使用,从而进一步使中下游输沙量呈下降趋势。由于下游降水增加,使下游径流量自1980s以来有微弱上升趋势,但未达到95%的置信度水平,中上游流量变化不显著。对上、中、下游人为因素与自然因素对流域流量与输沙量的变化贡献率方面需要做进一步的研究。     

呼和浩特市十年来环境空气污染趋势分析

通过对呼和浩特市10年的环境空气监测数据进行分析,结果表明,二氧化硫、总悬浮颗粒物呈下降趋势,二氧化氮变化不大,尘是影响呼市环境空气质量的主要污染因子,并提出了改善呼市大气环境质量的对策。     

Alternative fertilisers and management to decrease incidental phosphorus loss

Incidental phosphorus loss is a concern for surface water quality. Here we showed that the risk of incidental P loss can be minimised, even from highly soluble superphosphate fertiliser, by timing application when overland flow is unlikely. Moreover, we demonstrated that the risk of incidental P loss can be estimated from water solubility, decreasing the need for expensive field trials. As such, we suggest that slowly available fertilisers such as reactive phosphate rock or serpentine super could be used in situations where incidental losses need to be decreased and conditions are suitable e.g., soil pH less than 6 and rainfall greater than 800 mm for reactive phosphate rock.This revised version was published online March 2005 with corrections to the authors name.