电网企业废铅蓄电池回收模式与趋势分析

基于电网企业的废铅蓄电池产生和处置现状,结合我国废铅蓄电池回收工作进展,以华北地区为重点研究区域,提出委托回收、联合回收和自主回收3种废铅蓄电池回收利用模式.对于具有废铅蓄电池资质单位较多的地区,优先考虑全部委托回收模式,有助于降低法律风险,并节约人力、物力.对于环保管理相对创新和管理理念先进的地区,考虑依托地市公司建设收集网点,由省公司统一管理和转移,并联合有资质的回收企业开展回收.对于以营利为目的,期望扩大回收业务的地区,建议考虑自主回收模式.无论采用何种模式,国家电网及其电网企业应建立和完善废铅蓄电池的信息化系统,将电池采购、维护及产废信息、台账记录、管理计划、转移联单等信息纳入系统进行管理,并实现与政府部门危险废物信息系统的数据对接.     

最优加权组合预测法在水质预测中的应用研究

针对用再生水补给河流的水质预测问题,提出了基于最优加权法的组合预测模型.利用灰色预测模型、趋势外推法和指数平滑法3种方法分别进行预测,再以预测误差平方和最小为目标,将预测值的加权问题转化为优化问题,求解得到各种方法预测值的权值.然后,将3种方法所得的预测结果用最优加权法进行组合,得到组合预测值.最后,应用组合预测法对由再生水补给的永定河中的DO值进行预测,并与单一预测模型比较.仿真结果表明,组合模型可以平衡各种方法的偏差,模型的适用性和预测精度有所改善.     

Mini-review on river eutrophication and bottom improvement techniques, with special emphasis on the Nakdong River

Water quality in rivers is vital to humans and to maintenance of biotic and ecological integrity.During the Four Major Rivers restoration of South Korea, remarkable attempts have been made to decrease external nutrient loads and moveable weirs were designed to discharge silt that may deposit in pools. However, recently eutrophication of the Nakdong River, which was limited to the lower reaches, is seen to be spreading upstream. The reduction of external nutrient loads to rivers is a long-term goal that is unlikely to lead to reductions in algal blooms for many years because of the time required to implement effective land management strategies. It would therefore be desirable to implement complementary strategies. Regulating the amount of water released is effective at preventing algae blooms in weir pools; so, the relationship between discharge, stratification and bloom formation should be understood in this regard. However, pollutants are likely to accumulate in the riverbed upstream from release points. Thus, to control phosphorus levels, total phosphorus density should be lowered by applying in-river techniques as well. As many ecosystem properties are controlled by multiple processes, simultaneous river bottom improvement techniques, such as combined dissolved oxygen supply and nutrient inactivation, are likely to be effective. The purpose of this review is to present a series of technological approaches that can be used to improve the river bottom area and hence sediment nutrient release, and to illustrate the application of these techniques to the Nakdong River.     

太湖水体富营养化的演变及研究进展

结合多年来对太湖的实地调查研究及相关文献资料分析，综述太湖近几十年水体体富营养化演变趋势，其主要表现为N，P营养盐的增加，水华的频繁显发，富营养化程度日益加剧等，并就近期开展的太湖营养化及其防治的研究作了介绍。     

六磊塘2005～2012年水质变化趋势分析

采用综合污染指数法,评价了六磊塘2005～2012年间在丰水期、平水期、枯水期和全年的水质达标情况,计算了主要污染物的污染负荷,得到了水质的时间变化特征。结果表明,2005—2012年,六磊塘水质呈现改善趋势,水质整体呈现轻到中度污染;枯水期水质污染最重,丰水期和平水期水质污染相对较轻;各主要污染物中,氨氮的污染负荷最大,五日生化需氧量和高锰酸盐指数的污染负荷最小。研究结果为六磊塘的地表水质监测和污染防治等工作提供了重要依据。     

江苏省酸雨污染现状及趋势分析

依据江苏省部分城市的酸雨监测资料，对该省酸雨污染现状及“八五”以来的变化趋势进行了分析，结果表明：淮河以南酸雨污染普遍重于淮河以北地区；酸雨频率有降低的趋势，但降不酸度并未减弱；降水组份中，硫酸根离子当量浓度仍占首位，酸雨带来的污染和生态破坏未得到明显减轻。     

2015~2021年陕西关中城市群臭氧污染变化趋势

基于2015~2021年环境监测数据和气象再分析资料,利用Mann-Kendall检验法和Sen斜率法等统计手段揭示了陕西关中城市群臭氧（O₃）浓度时空变化特征和年际变化趋势,并从气象、排放源和区域传输等方面分析了趋势形成的原因.结果表明：①2015~2021年,关中城市群O₃浓度评价值（MDA8第90百分位数）最高的城市是咸阳市,浓度评价值多年平均值为162 μg·m^-3,O₃浓度平均值（MDA8年均值）和O₃浓度背景值（MDA8第5百分位数）最高的城市是铜川市.②关中城市群O₃浓度表现为单峰型日变化特征,并呈现夏季>春季>秋季>冬季的年变化特征.夏季咸阳O₃浓度平均值最高,其他季节铜川O₃浓度平均值最高.③2015~2021年,陕西关中城市群O₃浓度背景值呈现出上升趋势,区域浓度背景值平均上升速率为2.20 μg·（m³·a）^-1,但是O₃浓度评价值并未表现出有统计显著性的变化趋势.此外,关中城市群O₃浓度变化趋势与季节密切相关,其中冬季O₃浓度上升趋势显著,其他季节大部分城市O₃浓度无明显变化趋势.④关中城市群及周边地区挥发性有机物（VOCs）减排幅度普遍小于氮氧化物（NO_x）的不合理减排结构、滴定效应减弱以及区域传输等因素共同作用,导致关中城市群冬季O₃浓度升高.     

江苏省辖市声环境污染趋势分析

综合分析江苏省省辖市市区声环境功能区噪声、道路交通噪声、区域环境噪声污染现状、污染趋势及改善对策。     

Sorption of 1-naphthol by plant cuticular fractions

The contribution of aliphatic-rich plant biopolymer to sorption of hydrophobic organic compounds is significantly important because of their preservation and accumulation in the soil environment,but sorption mechanism is still not fully understood.In this study, sorption of 1-naphthol by plant cuticular fractions was examined to better understand the contributions of respective fraction.Toward this end,cuticular materials were isolated from the fruits of tomato by chemical method.The tomato cuticle sheet consisted of waxes (6.5 wt%),cuticular monomer (69.5 wt%),and polysaccharide (24.0 wt%).Isotherms of l-naphthol to the cuticular fractions were nonlinear (N value (0.82-0.90)) at the whole tested concentration ranges.The KodKow ratios for bulk cuticle (TC1),dewaxed cuticle (TC2),cutin (TC4),and desugared cuticle (TC5) were larger than unity,suggested that tomato bulk cuticle and cutin are much powerful solption medium.Sorption capability of cutin (TC4) was 2.4 times higher than the nonsaponifiable fraction (TC3).The 1-naphthol interactions with tomato cuticular materials were governed by both hydrophobic-type interactions and polar (H-bonding) interactions. Removal of the wax and polysaccharide materials from the bulk tomato cuticle caused a significant increase in the sorption ability of the cuticular material.There was a linear negative trend between K_(oc) values and the amount of polysaccharides or fraction's polarities ((N O)/C);while a linear positive relationship between K_(oc) values and the content of cutin monomer (linear R~2=0.993) was observed for present in the cuticular fractions.Predominant sorbent of the hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) in the plant cuticular fraction was the cutin monomer,contributing to 91.7% of the total sorption of tomato bulk cuticle.     

中国城市生活垃圾处理及趋势分析

介绍了城市生活垃圾的主要处理方法及目前中国城市生活垃圾的处理现状,通过实际调研和统计分析表明:中国城市生活垃圾的处理方式主要以填埋为主,占总处理量的95%以上;卫生填埋处理能力较低,处理水平参差不齐,有较大的区域性差异.基于城市生活垃圾清运量与国民经济发展水平、非农业人口数量等驱动因子相关,建立了城市生活垃圾清运量预测模型,并利用该预测模型预测了不同情景下未来中国城市生活垃圾清运量,比较分析了不同模型的预测结果,表明非农业人口预测结果与GDP和人均GDP预测结果有一定的差异,非农业人口预测结果更接近于中国的实际情况.