环境（非关税）贸易壁垒的发展趋势与我国企业的对策

根据国际贸易中的绿争贸易争端分析了绿色贸易壁垒的发展趋势。我国即将加入WTO，作者基于这一现实提出了我国企业在加入WTO后冲破绿色壁垒的七点对策。     

辽东湾双台子河海区动物体内污染物含量及时空分布

１９９７年１１月对辽东湾双台子河海区部分鱼类、贝类及甲壳动物体内的Ｈｇ、Ｃｄ、Ｐｂ、Ａｓ、Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ和油的含量进行了调查，并对这些污染物的时空分布趋势进行了分析。结果表明：狼虾虎鱼体内的污染物的浓度分别为０．００８（Ｈｇ）、０．８８（Ｃｄ）、０．１７（ｐｂ）、１．７７（Ａｓ）、０．２５（Ｃｕ）、４７．３（Ｚｎ）和８．３６（油）；贝在体内污染物的浓度分别为０．００３－０．０３３（Ｈｇ）、１．１６－１     

基于呼吸强度和总有机碳综合评价存量生活垃圾好氧稳定化程度的方法研究

设计固定床好氧稳定化实验装置，在恒温、通风、含水量适宜条件下运行，研究东莞、厦门等地开采后的存量生活垃圾以及食堂餐厨垃圾样品稳定化过程中总有机碳（TOC）和4日呼吸强度（AT₄）随时间的变化规律以及两者变化趋势的相关性.优化了TOC和AT₄的检测方法，证明仪器法测定TOC结果更加合理；研究表明采用四分法取样、从迟滞期结束后开始计算得到的AT₄更有参考价值；4种垃圾样品TOC和AT₄之间具有良好的相关性，两者导数之间也具有良好的相关性，且相关系数均大于0.99（R²>0.99），证明了TOC和AT₄变化趋势的同步响应规律，说明可以利用能快速测定的TOC指标的变化趋势反映不能快速测定的AT₄指标的变化趋势，从而提出一种通过TOC的变化趋势和AT₄的数值综合评价存量垃圾好氧稳定化程度的新方法，既缩短了检测周期，又提高了好氧稳定性评价的客观性，为存量垃圾稳定化评价提供了新思路.     

黄河径流序列标度不变性分析及趋势预测研究

长期以来，影响黄河干流梯级电站可持续发展的因素，除了关键技术因素、经济因素和环境因素，还有对未来径流趋势的认知不足。可见研究黄河干流径流变化趋势，对于黄河干流梯级电站可持续发展具有重要的现实意义。论文利用非趋势的波动分析法，对黄河干流贵德、头道拐和花园口3个水文站径流的标度不变性和未来变化趋势进行了分析和预测。结果显示，3个水文站的径流量将会减少，这将对黄河干流梯级电站可持续发展不利。     

水体富营养化及其治理措施

由于大量未经处理的污水直接进入水体，使得水体中氮磷营养物质不断积累，部分藻类及水生生物过度繁殖，最终导致了水体的富营养化，为治理富营养化水体可以采取截污、清淤挖泥、引水冲污等工程性措施，也可以采取利用生物生长需吸收氮磷营养物质这一自然过程来达到去除氮磷的目的，即生物性措施。     

气候变化对秦皇岛地区降水量影响分析

以秦皇岛市为例,研究了气候变暖对地表降水量的影响.通过对51年来秦皇岛市气候、降水材料的分析得出结论:秦皇岛市近年来明显变暖,年平均气温上升约2℃,同时气候变干,降水量减少18.3%;气候变化会引起水循环的变化及水资源在时空上的重新分布以及水资源总量的改变,对流域内的水资源量影响十分显著.     

Microtopographic modification conserves urban wetland water quality by increasing the dissolved oxygen in the wet season

Microtopography affects hydrological processes and forms different microhabitats. Our previous study uncovered that riparian zone microtopography created various microhabitats with different soil environments and runoff-infiltration patterns. However, how riparian microtopography and microtopography within the water area (waterfall and tributary) affects downstream water quality remains unclear. Therefore, water samples were taken almost monthly in both the main stream and the tributary, before and after waterfalls, and near the bottom of three microtopographic types from June 2016 to March 2017. Compared with the dry season, the fact that water quality worsened in the wet season and that there were positive correlations for nitrate (NO₃^?) between water and the corresponding soil samples suggested that the riparian-soil environment affected the adjacent water quality mainly in the wet season. Nevertheless, riparian microtopography did not influence water quality downstream because of the low rainfall frequency and the weak leaching process due to plant interception. In the wet season, both the tributary and the waterfall increased the dissolved oxygen in the water body and, therefore, lowered the risk of eutrophication. The tributary has two pathways for improving the water quality, by increased disturbance and flow velocity, while the waterfall only has the former. However, such effects were not significant in the dry season. We conclude that the application of microtopographic modification is useful in maintaining urban wetland water quality in wet seasons.     

Cell surface-expression of the phosphate-binding protein PstS: System development, characterization, and evaluation for phosphorus removal and recovery

Simultaneous overabundance and scarcity of inorganic phosphate(P_i) is a critical issue driving the development of innovative water/wastewater treatment technologies that not only facilitate Pi removal to prevent eutrophication,but also recover P_i for agricultural reuse.Here,a cell-surface expressed high-affinity phosphate binding protein(PstS) system was developed,and its P_i capture and release potential was evaluated.E.coli was genetically modified to express PstS on its outer membrane using the ice nucleation protein(INP)as an anchoring motif.Verification of protein expression and localization were performed utilizing SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE),western blot,and outer membrane separation analyses.Cell surface characterization was investigated through acid-base titration,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR).These tests provided information on the macromolecular structure and composition of the bacteria surface as well as the proton-exchange properties of the surface functional groups(i.e.,pKa values).Phosphate desorption and adsorption batch experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of temperature,pH,and ionic strength on phosphate capture and release.The PstS surface-displayed cells demonstrated greater potential to release and capture phosphate compared to non-modified cells.Higher temperatures up to 40℃,basic pH conditions(pH=10.5),and higher ionic strength up to 1.0 mol/L KCl promoted 20%-50% higher phosphate release.     

种植业面源污染防控技术发展历程分析及趋势预测

种植业对农业面源污染贡献不容小觑.已有治理技术并不在少数,但受技术参数模糊和技术应用效果不明朗等因素的影响,现阶段技术应用和污染治理效果不理想.对此,本研究基于近20年国内外种植业面源污染防控的发表论文,明确种植业面源污染防治技术的体系框架,梳理技术的发展历程,比较不同方向技术对生产投入、产量及污染物排放的作用效果,对新时期下我国植业面源污染防控的发展前沿趋势作出预判.本研究构建了源头削减、过程拦截和养分回用这3个领域以及栽培、生态沟渠和尾/废水等14个方向的技术体系.结果发现,源头削减领域获得了最高关注度,研究方向多且热度仍在不断提升;我国对其中肥料方向技术的研究集中度较高.相比之下,过程拦截和养分回用领域的技术较为单一和欠缺.养分利用效率提升、转运过程调控和土壤添加剂使用将是种植业面源污染防控未来的主要着力点和抓手.农田基础设施的配套及后端净化体系的构建,将有助于集成、耦合多领域技术,进一步确保种植业面源污染防控的作用效果.     

香烟侧流烟中超细颗粒物释放及衰减特性

超细颗粒物(Ultrafine Particles,UFPs)能够进入人体肺泡组织进而危害人体健康,为了解香烟侧流烟中UFPs数浓度和表面积浓度释放及衰减特性,结合环境舱和现场实验结果对不同品牌香烟颗粒进行了分析.结果表明:燃烧过程中UFPs数浓度和表面积浓度峰值粒径分别为47.5~66.3 nm和85.6~100.5 nm,衰减2 h后,数浓度和表面积浓度峰值粒径仍小于200 nm;不同品牌香烟侧流烟中UFPs数浓度和表面积浓度释放速率分别为4.22×10~(12)~5.23×10~(12)个·min~(-1)和5.95×10~(10)~6.90×10~(10)μm2~·min~(-1),根据该释放速率模拟得到的不同换气率条件下UFPs数浓度衰减趋势与实验结果相符;通风和实验环境均会影响UFPs的衰减速率,随着换气率由0.7次·h~(-1)增至7次·h~(-1),侧流烟中UFPs的衰减时间由3 h降低至40 min,吸附作用的存在亦会加快UFPs的衰减速率.