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51.
典型铅锌矿化区不同土地利用类型土壤重金属污染特征与评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
选取云南者海典型铅锌矿区周边冶炼区(A)、粮食主产区(B)、保护区(C)三个区域土壤为研究对象,分析三个区域内林地(LD)和耕地(GD)土壤pH、总碳(TC)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)和5种重金属(Hg、Cd、Pb、Zn、Cu)含量,利用典范对应分析(CCA)研究不同土地利用类型下它们之间的关系,基于系统熵值与重金属生物毒性改进灰色聚类评价法对研究区重金属污染程度进行评价。结果表明,A、B、C三区土壤的5种重金属均超过云南省土壤背景值,且含量A区 > B区 > C区,所有土壤样品Hg、Cd、Pb、Zn、Cu平均含量分别为7.24、1.53、1 794、2 892、210 mg/kg;LD土壤重金属含量普遍高于GD。研究区土壤pH总体呈弱酸性,但A区土壤受矿业活动影响呈弱碱性。TC、TN含量和C/N值均表现出LD大于GD,但TP含量表现为GD显著大于LD (P<0.05)。CCA分析表明LD和GD土壤pH与Cd和Cu呈负相关,与Zn和Pb呈正相关,且pH对重金属含量的影响最大;TC、TP与重金属Cd和Cu在LD土壤中呈正相关,在GD土壤中呈负相关。改进灰色聚类评价结果表明重金属污染程度均表现为LD大于GD;A区污染最严重且均呈重度污染,B区次之,C区污染程度最轻。经比较本文改进的灰色聚类评价法在准确性和灵敏度方面优于传统方法。 相似文献
52.
红壤丘陵区典型流域地表水水环境特征研究——以浏阳河流域为例 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
选取浏阳河流域为例,根据近十年河流断面监测数据,采用改进的综合污染指数法来评价水质污染程度,研究了该红壤丘陵区典型河流水质的时空变化特征,并结合土地利用和土壤特征等分析地表水质变化原因。结果表明,改进的综合污染指数法有较好的适用性;从时间特征上看,由于面源污染加剧,使得浏阳河近十年的水质污染呈增长趋势;从空间特征上看,浏阳河从上游到下游,河流污染呈增长趋势,上游水质较好,中游表现为重金属铅和汞的污染较大,而下游则是氨氮污染加剧。 相似文献
53.
This paper presents development of a first approximation of a Namibian, national level, land degradation monitoring system.
The process involved a large number of stakeholders and led to the definition of four primary indicators that were regarded
as related to land degradation in Namibia: population pressure, livestock pressure, seasonal rainfall and erosion hazards.
These indicators were calculated annually for the period 1971–1997. Annual land degradation risk maps were produced for the
same period by combining the indicators. A time series analysis of results generated by indicators was undertaken at two sites.
The analysis revealed a general trend towards an increased land degradation risk over the period 1971–1997. A decrease in
annual rainfall and an increase in livestock numbers caused this negative trend at one site, while decreased annual rainfall
and increased human population were the causes at a second site. Evaluation of resulting maps through direct field observations
and long-term monitoring at selected study sites with different conditions relevant for the indicators defined, is an essential
next step. 相似文献
54.
55.
Mehaffey MH Nash MS Wade TG Ebert DW Jones KB Rager A 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2005,107(1-3):29-44
The Catskill/Delaware reservoirs supply 90% of New York City’s drinking water. The City has implemented a series of watershed protection measures, including land acquisition, aimed at preserving water quality in the Catskill/Delaware watersheds. The objective of this study was to examine how relationships between landscape and surface water measurements change between years. Thirty-two drainage areas delineated from surface water sample points (total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and fecal coliform bacteria concentrations) were used in step-wise regression analyses to test landscape and surface-water quality relationships. Two measurements of land use, percent agriculture and percent urban development, were positively related to water quality and consistently present in all regression models. Together these two land uses explained 25 to 75% of the regression model variation. However, the contribution of agriculture to water quality condition showed a decreasing trend with time as overall agricultural land cover decreased. Results from this study demonstrate that relationships between land cover and surface water concentrations of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and fecal coliform bacteria counts over a large area can be evaluated using a relatively simple geographic information system method. Land managers may find this method useful for targeting resources in relation to a particular water quality concern, focusing best management efforts, and maximizing benefits to water quality with minimal costs.The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here. It has been subjected to Agency’s administrative review and approved for publication as an EPA document. 相似文献
56.
Kimpo metropolitan landfill has received various kinds of wastessince January 1992. The leachate level was measured to be 10.3 m in May 1995 and the level increased to 12.2 m in August 1996. Therefore, to prove the reason for the increasing leachate level, we calibrated hydraulic conductivity of each waste andintermediate layer using the HELP (Hydrologic Evaluation ofLandfill Performance) model. The leachate generation data measured from February 1993 to October 1995 was used in the model calibration. As a result of a model calibration, we obtained anaverage infiltration ratio and used this in analysis of the total water balance to predict elevation of leachate level. Main causes of the elevation of the leachate level were the high water content of the waste and the degradation of the leachate-drainage system caused by the subsidence of a naturalbarrier layer. 相似文献
57.
58.
Gottfried Tappeiner Ulrike Tappeiner Janette Walde 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2007,12(4):253-256
The complexity of today’s research problems increasingly demands that scientists move beyond the confines of their own discipline.
In this special issue, the basics of a transdisciplinary framework are established and problems analyzed in a specific discipline
are successfully integrated in this transdisciplinary network. The intent has been to go beyond only statements about the
importance of enabling early stage researchers to work across disciplinary boundaries, and to show that important discoveries
are being made at the intersection of disciplines. Embedding various research projects in a more global framework can meet
the demands of an interdisciplinary or transdisciplinary approach (especially for early stage researchers) and contribute
significantly to sustainable research. 相似文献
59.
Land use change is an important topic in the field of global environmental change and sustainable development. Land use change
modeling has attracted substantial attention because it helps researchers understand the mechanisms of land use change and
assists regulatory bodies in formulating relevant policies. Maotiao River Basin is located in the province of Guizhou, China,
which has a developed agricultural industry in the karst mountain areas. This paper selected biophysical and social–economic
factors as independent variables, and constructed a multiple logistic regression of farmland spatial distribution probability
by random sampling. Then, by using GIS technology and integrating the 2000 data, this study predicted the farmland spatial
pattern. When the predicted map was compared with the actual farmland map for 2000, we noted that 71% of the simulation is
in accordance with the 2000 farmland pattern. The result satisfactorily proves the reasonability and applicability of our
model. 相似文献
60.
鲍学杰 《环境监测管理与技术》1996,8(5):9-11
指出了环境污染纠纷调处与环境行政处罚的性质,程序,结果等均不相同,在理论上不能将两者混一谈,实践中应区别对待。 相似文献