垃圾填埋场人工衬层渗漏的电学法检测研究

基于电学法无二次污染、操作易掌握和费用低等特点,提出了4种用于垃圾填埋场人工衬层渗漏检测的电学方法:电阻法、电流法、感应电势差法和远距离参比电极感应法。其原理都是利用垃圾和土壤有一定的水分而具有的导电性,以及一般用作人工衬层(俗称土工膜)的高密度聚乙烯绝缘材料。通过实验指出电阻法只能检测到是否有漏洞,不能判断漏洞的位置;电流法是一种一次性方法,只能判断一次是否有漏洞,也不能够定位漏洞;感应电势差法有很好的发展前景;远距离参比电极感应法的检测效果非常好。      

煤矿井下故障电信号快速检测电路的动态研究

对利用动态整定实现故障电信号快速检测电路的动态特性进行了分析和模拟实验。用数字贮存示波器（ＤＳＯ）记录了各参量的动态变化过程,结果表明,快速检测电路在动态下能对故障电信号进行快速检测,采样时间短     

UBF反应池爆炸后混凝土结构安全检测及加固处理研究

检测和评估了UBF反应池爆炸后结构的现状,包括了外观情况检测、混凝土强度测试以及池壁混凝土内部缺陷检测。在保证结构安全的前提下,提出经济合理的加固处理方案。     

Implications of Land Use/Land Cover Change in the Buffer Zone of a National Park in the Tropical Andes

The impacts of land use and land cover (LULC) change in buffer zones surrounding protected ecological reserves have important implications for the management and conservation of these protected areas. This study examines the spatial and temporal patterns of LULC change along the boundary of Rio Abiseo National Park in the Northern Peruvian Andes. Landscape change within four ecological zones was evaluated based on trends expected to occur between 1987 and 2001. Landsat TM and ETM imagery were used to produce LULC classification maps for both years using a hybrid supervised/unsupervised approach. LULC changes were measured using landscape metrics and from-to change maps created by post-classification change detection. Contrary to expectations, tropical upper wet montane forest increased despite being threatened by human-induced fires and cattle grazing of the highland grasslands inside the park. Within the park’s buffer zone, tropical moist forest remnants were fragmented into more numerous and smaller patches between 1987 and 2001; this was in part due to conversion into agricultural land. The methods used in this study provide an effective way to monitor LULC change detection and support the management of protected areas and their surrounding environments.     

An experimental comparison of conservative versus optimal collision avoidance warning system thresholds

In the distributed signal detection theoretic (DSDT) model, the human operator and the warning mechanism are independent decision makers who work together as a team. The DSDT demonstrates that the optimal warning threshold, in general, differs from the signal detection theoretic (SDT) threshold, which assumes a single decision maker. This prediction was tested in an experiment where drivers received monetary rewards for making safe passing decisions on a driving simulator. The experiment focused on evaluating the quality of the decision making of the drivers, and not on perceptual issues. A collision avoidance system provided a warning when the probability of an inadequate overtaking gap exceeded a threshold. Three thresholds were tested. The control threshold resulted in no detections or false alarms. The DSDT threshold resulted in some misses but no false alarms. The SDT threshold resulted in no misses but frequent false alarms. As predicted, (1) drivers performed the best when the warning system used the DSDT threshold, and (2) use of the SDT threshold improved performance over the control threshold, even though four of the 10 drivers occasionally ignored the warning and made risky passing attempts in the SDT conditions, possibly because of earlier false alarms. These findings support the conclusion that the DSDT model is a useful, quantitative tool that should be used by warning designers.     

垃圾填埋场土工膜渗漏电学检测法的研究

在垃圾填埋场中,利用土工膜的电绝缘性来实现其施工验收和填埋垃圾期间的渗漏检测以防止污染地下水.笔者研究了漏洞大小、偶极子的位置、偶极子的电极间距、供电回路电极的位置以及填埋场内物质的电阻等对检测信号强弱的影响,并指出在多洞的情况下,偶极子的电极间距必须小于两漏洞间的距离才可确定定位漏洞.      

商业步行街的环境空气污染

阐述了商业步行街的环境空气污染对人群健康造成危害的原因,通过在广州市北京路和下九路,以及周围交通街道模拟行人行走方式的采样和分析,得出在广州市商业步行街及其周围交通街道空气中,除了含有有毒有害的挥发性有机物、PM10、和CO等,芳香烃类等化合物的浓度水平也普遍较高,特别是苯和甲苯。另外,周围交通街道上的机动车尾气排放对商业步行街的环境空气质量也有影响。     

垃圾填埋场渗漏电学监测系统设计及室内模拟试验

根据垃圾场渗滤液渗入地下后引起的地下介质电性变化及对自然电位场的改变,设计了用于垃圾填埋场渗滤液渗漏的在线电学监测系统。该系统在垃圾场建设期布设于高密度聚乙烯膜下方,在垃圾场运行期可实时监测垃圾场渗漏与否、渗漏点的位置及数量、渗滤液形成的羽状体在地下的形态,以便及时采取措施防止渗滤液造成严重的地下环境污染。并通过室内模拟实验证实了不同渗漏情况下,地下介质分布的电性剖面不同,电剖面异常区和污染区的分布具有空间对应关系。该系统的设置是实现环保型、智能型垃圾填埋场的重要举措。     

垃圾填埋场防渗层渗漏检测方法的比较

对目前国外几种垃圾填埋场防渗层渗漏检测方法(地下水检测法,扩散管法,电容传感法,追踪剂法,电化学感应电缆法,电学法)进行了详细的叙述和比较,并指出电学法是较好的检测方法.      

压电石英传感器测定空气中氮氧化物

通过电化学活化和硅烷偶联剂在石英谐振器的金电极表面修饰对氮氧化物(NO_x)敏感的金属酞菁化合物,制成压电气体传感器.探讨了不同敏感材料对NO_x的响应灵敏度、检出限及载气流速、温度和干扰气体等对传感器的响应和回复特性的影响.结果表明:酞菁铅最敏感;其适宜的载气流速为40 mL/min,温度范围为10~40 ℃;在9.55×10_-4~1.91 mg/m₃质量浓度范围内,有良好的线性响应关系;用于大气中NO_x的测定,有较好的可靠性和准确性.使用寿命约300次.