四湖地区湿地资源及其开发

对四湖地区的湿地资源进行了三个方面的探讨和研究:湿地类型及其特征;湿地开发及其存在的问题;湿地资源合理开发模式研究。     

贵州阿哈水库沉积物中重金属二次污染的趋势分析

通过对受矿山活动影响的贵州阿哈水库沉积物-水界面的模拟试验及实测分析，从水库水质安全角度讨论了沉积物中蓄积的重金属作为二次污染源的可能性。研究发现：在水体季节性缺氧期间，沉积物中部分重金属元素将大量释放到水体中，严重威胁水质安全。Fe，Mn的最大释放发生在水体缺氧事件的50小时内。而Co，Cu，Ni，Pb等元素总体释放量较小，并主要在10小时内达到最大释放。对比其他地区，阿哈水库中重金属元素具有更强的界面扩散作用。锰的扩散通量在季节上表现为：冬季＞秋季＞春夏季。而铁的扩散通量则为：春夏季＞秋季＞冬季。锰的界面扩散通量远大于铁的界面扩散通量，表明界面附近锰的循环极为剧烈且远强于铁。这对其他重金属元素的界面循环产生了重要影响。界面附近的铁、锰、硫循环对重金属迁移有着显著的控制作用。受到氧化还原条件的影响，重金属扩散通量在季节上变化较大。     

武汉市大旅游网络建设研究

从地理位置、对外经济联系、国内和省内经济地位、旅游资源丰度等方面分析了武汉市发展旅游事业的有利条件；论证了建设以武汉市为中心，向郊区（县）、省内和邻省延伸的旅游网络的必要性和可行性及发展国际旅游的潜力；提出了大力加强景点和基础设施建设，改善周边交通条件，壮大地方航空公司等加快旅游业发展的对策和措施。     

The littoral zone of lake okeechobee as a source of phosphorus after drawdown

Following a period of prolonged drought or intentional lake level drawdown, large littoral areas that once contained submersed aquatic vegetation (SAV) are reinundated when lake levels rise. A complete assessment of the contribution made by decomposing SAV to the in-lake phosphorus (P) concentration is important in both the management of Lake Okeechobee and understanding basic P processes. The P contribution to the open waters of Lake Okeechobee from a rapid inundation of exposed SAV was calculated by four methods: cores of field-desiccated SAV, cores of lab-desiccated SAV in the presence and absence of sediments, in situ decomposition, and sequential macrophyte harvesting. P releases, given such an episodic event, were similar among the four methods, ranging from 116±48 to 384±528 mg/m² in the absence of sediment. When SAV is in contact with sediment, which is the realistic field situation, the amount of P released was four times less (30±14 mg/m²) than in the absence of sediment. The calculated P releases would result in total P concentration increases in the lake from 2 to 15 μg/liter (upper 95% CI=2–25 μg/liter) in the absence of sediment; only 1 μg/liter increase was predicted when SAV released P in contact with sediment. Thus it is unlikely that a significant rise in total P concentrations in the limnetic zone of the lake would occur from the export of P released during the desiccation of SAV in the littoral-marsh zone during a drawdown.     

MULTIPLICATIVE,SEASONAL ARIMA MODELS FOR LAKE ERIE AND LAKE ONTARIO WATER LEVELS1

ABSTRACT: Federal agencies in the U.S. and Canada continuously examine methods to improve understanding and forecasting of Great Lakes water level dynamics in an effort to reduce the negative impacts of fluctuating levels incurred by interests using the lakes. The short term, seasonal and long term water level dynamics of lakes Erie and Ontario are discussed. Multiplicative, seasonal ARIMA models are developed for lakes Erie and Ontario using standardized, monthly mean level data for the period 1900 to 1986. The most appropriate model identified for each lake had the general form: (1 0 1)(0 1 1)₁₂. The data for each lake were subdivided by time periods (1900 to 1942;1 943 to 1986) and the model coefficients estimated for the subdivided data were similar, indicating general model stability for the entire period of record. The models estimated for the full data sets were used to forecast levels 1,2,3, and 6 months ahead for a period of high levels (1984 to 1986). The average absolute forecast error for Lake Erie was 0.049m, 0.076m, 0.091 m and 0.128m for the 1, 2,3, and 6 month forecasts, respectively. The average absolute forecast error for Lake Ontario was 0.058m, 0.095m, 0.120m and 0.136m for the 1,2,3, and 6 month forecasts, respectively. The ARIMA models provide additional information on water level time series structure and dynamics. The models also could be coordinated with current forecasting methods, possibly improving forecasting accuracy.     

东湖磷酸酶活力及其生态学意义研究

本文对东湖磷酸酶活力(PA)的来源,不同湖区活力水平的比较,及其与主要环境因子的关系作了初步研究。结果表明,东湖水柱中磷酸酶活力主要来自藻类,底泥中则主要来自细菌;在东湖磷浓度波动范围内,磷对碱性磷酸酶活力(ALPA)无明显抑制,实验室条件下相当于环境水平的磷浓度不能抑制PA;光照促进藻类PA的增加;溶解氧有利于藻类PA提高,对细菌PA则相反。     

Phosphorus export by runoff from agricultural field plots with different crop cover in Lake Taihu watershed

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＷａｔｅｒｅｕｔｒｏｐｈｉｃａｔｉｏｎｉｓｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｇｌｏｂａｌｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓ ,ａｎｄａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌｎｏｎｐｏｉｎｔｓｏｕｒｃｅｐｏｌｌｕｔｉｏｎｈａｓｂｅｅｎｇｉｖｅｎｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｄａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎ (Ｓｈａｒｐｌｅｙ ,1994 ;Ｈａｒｒｉｓ ,1995;Ｔｉｅｓｓｅｎ ,1995;Ｔｏｎｄｅｒｓｋｉ,1996;Ｄａｎｉｅｌ,1998) .Ｌａｋｅｅｕｔｒｏｐｈｉｃａｔｉｏｎｈａｓｂｅｅｎｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｉｅｄａｓａｃｒｉｔｉｃａｌｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｏｆｓｕｒ…     

Regional eco-environmental analysis of Yuxi River-Chaohu Lake

Yuxi River-Chaohu Lake water suffers greatly from the ecological problems of eutrophication, high turbidity, organic pollution, disappearance of littoral macrophyte, bank erosion and reduction of economic fishery products. With Micro-cystis dominant, it is a degenerated and weak ecosystem. Its vicious cycling is caused by too much nutrient load, high spring water level and improper management of the water. The point sources of pollution from cities and industries contribute more than 50% of nutrient load. Soil erosion and fertilizer loss from late rice fields are important factors in non-point nutrient load. The disappearing littoral zone can neither give enough protection for the bank nor provide proper habitats for the biota. The feasibility of " ecological water level proposal" and means to reduce nutrient load are discussed to improve the habitat environment for both the nature and human being.     

福州西湖水体富营养化现象分析 Ⅳ、底栖生态与底泥淤积

底泥黑臭，向水面冒气泡是福州西湖水体富营养化现象的一个突出表现。目前，有关管理部门主要靠定期挖泥清淤来控制底泥富营养状况。然而１９９９年秋季福州西湖底栖动物种类和数量调查结果却显示，由于底栖动物贫乏，西湖底泥富营养化问题将由于生态失调而进一步深化。建议将控制入湖泥沙量、减少挖泥频度、恢复底栖生态作为一项治淤措施予以考虑。     

邛海非点源污染及模型参数的彩红外遥感航片率定

使用美国通过流失方程（ＵＳＬＥ）并用彩红外遥感航片对其参数进行率定，计算出邛海流域６个自然集水区域的高地潜在侵蚀量。并用０．２８的输沙系数计算出年流入湖中的泥沙为１２７．４万ｔ，同时也计算了氮，磷的入湖量，文中还讨论ＵＳＬＥ模型的邛海流域的适用性。