基于改进逼近理想解排序(TOPSIS)法的应急系统优化选址模型研究

通过分析影响应急系统选址的各种因素,建立衡量应急系统地址优劣的指标体系,并利用层次分析法确定各指标的权重。依据改进逼近理想解排序(TOPSIS)法的基本思路,建立应急系统优化选址模型。通过具体的实例说明,将改进TOPSIS法引入选址模型是解决应急系统优化选址问题的有效方法,是选址方法体系的一种创新思路。     

What motivates farmers to participate in the Nova Scotia environmental farm plan program? Evidence and environmental policy implications

Program stakeholders are interested in better understanding farmers' experience, and factors that affect farmer participation in the relatively new Environmental Farm Plan (EFP) program, implemented in several provinces in Canada. To increase relevance of the research findings to EFP program administrators and policy makers, the research methods emphasised determining whether relationships exist among program-related variables, and how such relationships affect farmers' decision choices and behaviour. Traditional farmer and farm attributes that have contrasting effects in agricultural innovation adoption and conservation management (namely age, and formal education completed), were not associated with EFP program participation. Farm income, years of farming experience, and type of agribusiness managed were associated with participation in the Nova Scotia EFP program. Although program participants tended to have higher incomes, overall, non-financial considerations dominated monetary considerations in Nova Scotia farmers' reasons for participating in the Nova Scotia EFP. Helping to publicize positive farm stewardship practices was reported as the most important reason for participating in the EFP scheme, followed by its use to help improve relationships with non-farming neighbours, and to comply with government environmental regulations. In contrast, and somewhat a surprising finding, minimizing potential farm environmental risk, program administrators' raison d'être for promoting the NS EFP, was ranked the lowest, with no respondent rating that as a "very important" or "extremely important" reason for participating in the EFP program.     

Vulnerability and adaptation of European farmers: a multi-level analysis of yield and income responses to climate variability

Climate change will affect crop yields and consequently farmers’ income. The underlying relationships are not well understood, particularly the importance of crop management and related factors at the farm and regional level. We analyze the impacts of trends and variability in climatic conditions from 1990 to 2003 on trends and variability in yields of five crops and farmers’ income at farm type and regional level in Europe considering farm characteristics and other factors. While Mediterranean regions are often characterized as most vulnerable to climate change, our data suggest effective adaptation to variable and changing conditions in these regions largely attributable to the characteristic farm types in these regions. We conclude that for projections of climate change impacts on agriculture, farm characteristics influencing management and adaptation should be considered, as they largely influence the potential impacts.     

阿特拉津降解菌BTAH1的分离与鉴定

从除草剂污染的土壤中,驯化分离得到 1株能够以阿特拉津为唯一碳源氮源生长的革兰氏阳性细菌 BTAH1,该菌株能够在 126h内完全降解1000mg/L的阿特拉津.通过生理生化鉴定,结合16S rDNA聚类分析,将该菌株鉴定为微小杆菌属(Exiguobacterium sp.).外加碳源不会促进该菌株对阿特拉津的降解,该菌株的最适降解温度为 25～30℃,最适降解 pH 值在 7～9 之间.该菌株具有 2 个大质粒, pBTAH11 和pBTAH12,大小分别为 20kb 和 100kb,基因定位发现有 2 个参与阿特拉津降解的基因位于其中一个较小的质粒(pBTAH11)上.     

基于成本收益的灾后重建区耕地保护区位选择

灾后重建区的耕地保护区位选择是保障农村发展、保护生态环境的重要课题。文章运用成本收益论,将直接投入成本、非农化机会成本以及政策成本耦合得出耕地保护投入成本,与潜在收益综合分析后形成了重建区耕地保护区位选择的研究框架,构建了区位选择指标体系。在此框架下,对2008年"5·12"地震中位于重灾区的四川省彭州市进行了实证分析,借助GIS空间分析技术,以行政村为基本评价单元,研究高适宜性的耕地保护空间位置。结果表明,彭州市耕地保护的优选区位主要位于通济镇、新兴镇、磁峰镇、桂花镇、军乐镇、隆丰镇、升平镇、三界镇、敖平镇以及丽春镇、葛仙山镇大部分地区。研究为彭州市补充灾毁耕地、耕地空间重置等灾后重建工作的开展提供科学依据。     

低轨道卫星表面电位探测器探测数据分析

目的 了解太阳活动低年低轨道卫星表面充电的特征规律,为今后低轨道卫星表面充电的防护设计提供参考.方法 利用我国一颗低轨道卫星搭载的表面电位探测器数据,对探测到的2017—2019年的78次表面充电事件进行统计分析.重点研究78次事件的充电时长、电位峰值、时空分布等特征以及事件与地磁活动的关系.结果 在太阳活动低年,83.3％表面充电事件持续时间不超过1 min,80.7％表面充电事件的充电峰值绝对值不超过100 V;97.4％的事件出现在南半球高纬度地区;88.5％的事件发生在磁地方时的18至02时之间;当表面充电事件发生率不为0时,事件发生率和Kp指数的相关系数为0.97.结论 在太阳活动低年,表面充电事件的持续时间较短,并且强度不大.表面充电事件发生位置具有明显的南北不对称性,呈现南多北少的趋势.表面充电事件多发生于高纬度地区,在磁地方时的傍晚至午夜发生概率高.表面充电事件发生率和地磁活动具有较好的相关性.     

资源型地区工矿企业空间集聚与区域转型——以山西省为例

工矿企业是资源型地区实现区域转型的关键要素,研究工矿企业空间集聚的格局特征及驱动机理对于揭示资源型地区转型的空间过程及空间效应具有重要意义。以山西省为例,基于煤矿企业点数据,综合采用多种GIS空间分析方法,分析1990—2017年经济转型阶段,山西省煤矿企业空间集聚的格局演变及区位指向变化。进一步构建负二项回归模型分析山西省煤矿企业空间集聚演变的影响因素,解释资源型地区转型发展的驱动机理。结果表明：（1）煤矿企业整体集聚变化相对稳定,但发展内涵发生显著变化,企业趋向大型化、现代化、可持续化发展。（2）煤矿企业空间集聚逐步与煤层埋深线的岩层走向相吻合,并且表现出低坡度指向性、临交通线指向性特征。（3）宏观尺度上,煤矿企业空间集聚呈现以点状集聚为主到点状集聚与沿煤层线带状扩散并存的演变趋势;微观尺度上,煤矿企业核密度降低区域与核密度增加区域具有地理邻近性特征,空间上表现为煤矿企业的远郊区化过程。（4）资源禀赋对煤矿企业区位选择的影响最显著,地形坡度、路径依赖、省道、企业所有制性质、固定资产投资、区域面积等对煤矿企业的区位选择也具有显著影响,但是作用方向和强度存在差异;城镇化水平、铁路、高速公路等对煤矿企业区位选择的影响不显著。回归结果表明资源型地区的转型发展受自然基底条件、产业发展基础、区域发展阶段等多重因素的影响。     

巷道中瓦斯爆炸诱导激波传播特性研究

利用AutoReaGas软件,数值模拟巷道中瓦斯浓度和火源对瓦斯爆炸传播的影响,其计算结果表明:爆炸静态超压随着传播距离的增加而减小,而爆炸动压随着传播距离的增加而增大;点火位置距离巷道封闭端越近,各测点得到的爆炸静态超压值越大;瓦斯浓度对爆炸峰值超压影响显著,当浓度为9.5%的氧化反应当量比浓度时,得到的最大峰值超压为70.95kPa,爆炸威力最大。     

Decision-making for sustainable location of a cement plant in the state of Florida

Site selection is a typical strategic decision for many industries that deals with specifying the most appropriate location for a facility. In the context of sustainable development, site selection decisions need to be improved by adopting environmental, economic and social requirements. This study aims to frame sustainable location decisions by conducting a case study of siting a new cement plant in the state of Florida. As a part of the study, a wide range of technical and sustainability criteria has developed. These criteria can help decision-makers in the cement industry evaluate the selection of a location with the requirements of sustainable development. The sustainability characteristics of alternative sites in the state of Florida are evaluated based on the criteria to identify the most appropriate ones. The analytical hierarchy processand geographic information system techniques are utilized to weight the criteria and evaluate the characteristics of site candidates.     

Predicting Sample Source Location from Soil Analysis Using Neural Networks

A system combining a national soils database with a neural network was developed for prediction of source location for soil samples. The neural network was trained to predict environmental characteristics, which can be of crucial importance to investigating officers in a police operation or to environmental agencies attempting to locate the source of a pollutant. When coupled with maps of environmental conditions and a generalized opinion pool approach, the system was used to produce weighted maps of source location. The system was capable of reducing search areas of a sample source to less than 0.1% of the total area.