Critical Sampling Points Methodology: Case Studies of Geographically Diverse Watersheds

Only with a properly designed water quality monitoring network can data be collected that can lead to accurate information extraction. One of the main components of water quality monitoring network design is the allocation of sampling locations. For this purpose, a design methodology, called critical sampling points (CSP), has been developed for the determination of the critical sampling locations in small, rural watersheds with regard to total phosphorus (TP) load pollution. It considers hydrologic, topographic, soil, vegetative, and land use factors. The objective of the monitoring network design in this methodology is to identify the stream locations which receive the greatest TP loads from the upstream portions of a watershed. The CSP methodology has been translated into a model, called water quality monitoring station analysis (WQMSA), which integrates a geographic information system (GIS) for the handling of the spatial aspect of the data, a hydrologic/water quality simulation model for TP load estimation, and fuzzy logic for improved input data representation. In addition, the methodology was purposely designed to be useful in diverse rural watersheds, independent of geographic location. Three watershed case studies in Pennsylvania, Amazonian Ecuador, and central Chile were examined. Each case study offered a different degree of data availability. It was demonstrated that the developed methodology could be successfully used in all three case studies. The case studies suggest that the CSP methodology, in form of the WQMSA model, has potential in applications world-wide.     

农贸市场噪声对其周围环境的影响

对某农贸市场的场内噪声,场界噪声及其周围居民区环境噪声进行了监测,结果表明,农贸市场营业时,噪声监测值内,场界及居民区均超标;农贸市场不营业时,场界除３个测点略超标外,余达标,居民区略超标。就农贸市场噪声对其周围环境的影响,提出了控制对策。     

福建省新农村建设之生活污水处理模式探究

针对福建省农村自然环境特征、污染现状以及经济、环境管理水平,总结了多种农村生活污水处理模式,并进行了简单的技术、经济分析,以期为福建省新农村建设之农村生活污水处理提供可资借鉴的经验。     

基于多模型耦合的化工物料输送管道泄漏检测系统研究

将物料平衡统计模型、信号序列相关分析模型和管道机理模型进行耦合,实现了管道泄漏事故的检测、空间定位和泄漏量估算.多模型耦合的方法降低了利用单一模型进行检测的漏检风险.将模型与GIS紧密集成,实现了泄漏信息的直观显示,可有效提高化工管道泄漏事故的应急反应效率.     

压力管道泄漏声发射源定位的实验研究

结合实验室声发射仪和油气管道设备,建立了充气管道泄漏声发射检测系统模型,分别在传感器间距、管道压力和泄漏量三种变化状态下进行了泄漏源定位影响实验。对管道泄漏声发射信号的时域统计特征、频域分布特征以及泄漏信号的相关性作了分析;从声信号能量累计和衰减特性方面对互相关定位法和幅度衰减测量区域定位法的可行性进行了计算,表明在传感器间距较小和泄漏量较小的状态下,在背景噪声较小的环境中,用互相关法具有较好的定位精度;而幅度衰减测量区域定位方法对泄漏源的定位误差较大。     

朝鲜4.13“光明星3号”卫星发射次声信号分析

朝鲜4.13"光明星3号"发射是一次包含火箭发射与爆炸次声信号的事件。对火箭发射激发次声信号的基本理论、影响火箭发射激发次声信号监测能力的因素等进行了简要阐述;在分析火箭发射历史次声信号的基础上,研究了该类信号的信号走时、频率及波形特征;对"光明星3号"发射激发的次声信号从事前预判、信号检测、爆炸区域确定、误差原因分析等方面进行了详细分析说明。研究分析结果表明:朝鲜"光明星3号"的爆炸疑似区域为北纬35.2756°～36.3887°,东经125.1675°～126.5487°。     

On Evaluation and Localization of Auditory Warning Devices for Adequate Audibility

This paper presents an analytic procedure to assist safety practitioners in evaluating the audibility of an existing auditory warning system in their workplaces. Two alarm location models are described: (a) a model with an unknown signal sound level, and (b) a model with a known signal sound level. A heuristic algorithm to determine a minimum number of alarm devices and their locations so that the warning signals can be clearly heard by workers is also proposed. The algorithm considers the ambient noise level, noise levels generated by individual machines, locations where workers are likely to be present, and noise levels at worker locations. From the numerical examples and the computation experiment, both the optimization and heuristic approaches yield solutions that satisfy the 15-dBA constraints. The heuristic approach is efficient in solving large alarm location problems due its capability to find near-optimal solutions within reasonable computation time.     

基于ERRS选址模型的地下应急物流系统建设研究

地下物流系统（ULS）可缓解地面交通压力,为保障ULS正常运行,利用数学建模技术,研究建设基于应急资源储备站（ERRS）选址模型的地下应急物流系统（UELS）。首先根据地面拥堵指数（TPI）,构建ULS的节点群和路径;其次考虑救援时间、覆盖范围及区域数量等因素,在节点群内选建ERRS,分2步共同建立救援时间最短和建站成本最小的多目标ERRS选址模型;然后,根据系统工程相关知识,建立地下应急物流系统（UELS）模型,包含基于ERRS的UELS硬件基础设施、地下应急管理体系的信息化平台、地下应急指挥系统3大部分。研究结果表明:通过建立地下应急物流系统（UELS）可为正处在探索发展阶段的地下物流系统及其应急管理工作提供理论支持。     

Epidemiology and patterns of facial fractures due to road traffic accidents in Taiwan: A 15-year retrospective study

Objective: The facial region is a commonly fractured site, but the etiology varies widely by country and geographic region. To date, there are no population-based studies of facial fractures in Taiwan.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of patients diagnosed with facial fracture and registered in the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan between 1997 and 2011. The epidemiological characteristics of this cohort were analyzed, including the etiology, fracture site, associated injuries, and sex and age distributions.

Results: A total of 6,013 cases were identified that involved facial fractures. Most patients were male (69.8%), aged 18–29 years (35.8%), and had fractures caused by road traffic accidents (RTAs; 55.2%), particularly motorcycle accidents (31.5%). Falls increased in frequency with advancing age, reaching 23.9% among the elderly (age > 65 years). The most common sites of involvement were the malar and maxillary bones (54.0%), but nasal bone fractures were more common among those younger than 18 years.

Conclusion: Most facial injuries in Taiwan occur in young males and typically result from RTAs, particularly involving motorcycles. However, with increasing age, there is an increase in the proportion of facial injuries due to falls.     

结合重心法和层次分析法研究垃圾转运站选址

将重心法和层次分析法结合起来研究农村生活垃圾转运站选址问题,首先分析农村生活垃圾产生量及分布,采用重心法对转运站进行初始选址,得出备选地址,然后运用层次分析法对备选地址进行筛选,得到最佳选址方案。与传统选址方法相比,该方法不仅考虑了费用,还综合考虑了影响选址的环境效益、基础条件、法律法规等因素,因此得到的结果更贴近实际。将该方法应用于南方某农村,得到了满意的选址方案。