AN ASSESSMENT OF WATER UTILITY INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND THEIR USE OF COMPUTERS1

To provide an overview of water utility information systems and the extent of computer use, a direct mail survey of all water utilities serving populations of 2,000 or more in the tri-state area - Ohio, Indiana, and Kentucky - was conducted. The following was determined: 1) utility profile information, e.g., public/private ownership, age, number of accounts, etc.; 2) an assessment of the degree of computerization presently in place to perform various functions; and 3) an assessment of any plans that the utilities may have for future computerization. To analyze the data, an index of computerization was defined as the number of departments or major activity areas of each utility that presently have some computerization. The relationship between the degree of computerization (measured by this index) and a utility's profile in terms of population served, annual revenue generated, and the number of customer accounts is discussed for each state in the survey. Discriminant analysis revealed strong significant differences between utilities that plan to use computers and those that do not. The differences were identified by the authors. Survey results revealed a rather limited use of computers in the tri-state area. Enormous potential exists in small and medium sized utilities for computerization to improve operational efficiency.     

SUITABILITY ANALYSIS FOR SELECTION OF PIPELINE ROUTES1

ABSTRACT: A brief review of environmental assessment methods is presented as an introduction to a study of environmental management problems in a coastal area of southern Louisiana. The assessment method used in the study is called suitability analysis and involves the use of matrices. The matrix approach is simply a convenient method for organizing all factors representing environmental concerns in a region. The matrices proved to be very useful in defining the present state of an environmental regime and in maintaining an inventory of regional features and potential impacts. The method is described in detail and illustrated by evaluating the potential impacts of a major pipeline construction job in the area. Of major concern is the potential impact on the water resources of the region. Disruption to the natural drainage could be detremental, and affect the suitability of available water for a given use. Limitations of the method are discussed and potential areas for improvement and research are noted. Coupled with an economic assessment, the suitability analysis method should prove beneficial for selecting development sites for industries, residential areas, and other construction activities.     

The environmental regulator and industrial development

Environmental regulatory agencies' administrative procedures have a significant impact on plant location. The authors review the basic reasons why companies build new plants and the constraints they operate under during site searches. The relationship between these issues and the regulatory agencies' administrative procedures is then shown, as well as the manner in which these procedures influence the site search. On the basis of this discussion, recommendations are made about how state environmental protection agencies can assist site seekers in a manner consistent with their regulatory responsibilities.     

DEA模型在垃圾中转站效率评价中的应用

为保持垃圾中转站的高效运营,实现对现有垃圾中转站的优化管理,采用数据包络分析（DEA）方法对已建的垃圾中转站进行相对效率评价。同时,建立了以中转站的固定成本（投资）和变动成本（运行成本）为输入指标,中转站节约的运输成本为输出指标的DEA评价模型,最后通过一算例验证了模型的有效性。     

森林生态系统补偿标准的方法探讨——以海南省为例

研究的主要目标是针对森林生态系统寻求适宜的补偿标准的方法,从而制定出合理的生态补偿标准。首先运用生态区位商的方法将海南省森林生态系统服务划分为一级主导生态系统服务、二级主导生态系统服务和潜在生态系统服务三类。研究结果显示生物多样性保护、景观游憩和环境净化等划分为一级主导森林生态系统服务;养分循环和水源涵养划为二级主导森林生态系统服务;气候调节、土壤保育、制氧以及林副、木产品为潜在森林生态系统服务。分类结果在现实中符合海南省森林生态系统特征情况。其次,运用恩格尔系数与皮尔生长曲线模型相结合的补偿系数法计算生态补偿系数,结果为0.170。该数据说明现今中国的经济发展刚达到小康水平,人们对于森林生态价值的认识和需求处于初级阶段,因此制定补偿系数不宜太高。根据森林生态系统服务的分类及生态补偿系数的结果,计算出分三个阶段执行的生态补偿标准:在第一阶段,补偿标准为947元/(hm2.a);第二阶段补偿标准提高为1 946元/(hm2.a);第三阶段,补偿标准为2 966元/(hm2.a)。     

城市垃圾中转站选址研究

城市垃圾中转站的合理布局可以节省大量垃圾转运成本。对垃圾中转站选址的限制因素、选址理论、选址模型及其算法等几个方面进行了详细的分析和探讨。垃圾中转站选址的限制因素有：选址要符合城市建设总体的规划,具有良好的自然地理与地址条件,满足转运量的要求,具有较好的外部条件,应当满足社会和法律的要求。垃圾中转站的选址理论发展,首先是单准则的问题的研究,然后发展到研究多准则影响下的选址问题。关键是垃圾中转站选址模型及其算法的研究。选址布局直接关系到垃圾清运的费用。     

基于三星定位的卫星干扰源定位TDOA参数估计方法的研究

定位是通过对某一个或几个参数进行估计来实现的,因此参数估计方法是定位问题的关键。卫星干扰源三星定位算法需要测得一对TDOA的值,因此TDOA估计算法是解决问题的关键。本文介绍了经典的基于最小均方误差的自适应时延算法（LMSTDE）原理,并在此基础上加入四阶累积量的概念,改进了LMSTDE在相关高斯噪声背景下不适用的缺点...     

基于泰森多边形的事故多发点识别方法*

为解决传统的热点分析方法无法识别相对独立的事故多发点,且识别结果受极值影响较大的问题,提出1种基于泰森多边形的事故多发点识别方法,基于2018年江苏省盐城市交通事故数据,用泰森多边形划分空间统计单元,依据单元面积和其内部事故数量的比值识别事故多发点,补充相对独立的事故多发区域,并用缓冲区修正多边形的形状。研究结果表明:此方法识别结果能有效避免极值的影响,能更准确地识别出事故多发点,更有效地为道路交通安全管理提供依据。     

基于改进型萤火虫群优化算法泄漏源源强及位置反算研究*

针对标准萤火虫群优化算法（GSO）在危化品泄漏源源强及位置反算中存在精度不高,容易陷入局部最优等局限,提出混合萤火虫-Nelder Mead单纯形算法（GSO-NM）,并与基于步长的改进萤火虫群优化算法（MGSO）以及单纯形搜索混合协同进化萤火虫群优化算法（HCGSOSSM）进行比较分析,将3种改进型萤火虫群优化算法应用于泄漏源源强及位置反算中进行比较分析。研究结果表明:GSO-NM算法可以有效提高定位精度和稳定性,能较为精确地反算出泄漏源源强及位置,为泄漏源源强及位置反算研究提供1种新思路。