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71.
便携式XRF测定仪在土壤检测中的应用及其影响因素 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
研究了便携式X射线荧光光谱仪(PXRF)的仪器性能,评估了其检出限、准确度及精密度,并和常规实验室检测方法比对进一步评估其性能,分析两者间的相关性和差异性。进一步探究了影响PXRF测定的2个最主要因素(土壤含水量和粒径)。结果表明:PXRF具备良好的仪器性能,8种元素的检出限为0.62~8.01 mg/kg,除Cd和Hg外,精密度均低于7%,准确度范围为-7.5%~11.1%。Pb、Cr、Cu、Zn、Ni、As的PXRF测定值与常规实验室方法测定值有良好的相关性,特别是Cu、Zn,相关系数可达0.873、0.832,而Cd和Hg的相关性则较弱。土壤含水量和土壤粒径会影响PXRF的测定性能,鲜样测定检测值普遍小于干样,0.15、2 mm粒径下检测值具有较强的相关性。研究旨在为PXRF的现场应用提供 参考,该方法可应用于初步监测和应急监测,实现土壤重金属元素的快速测定。 相似文献
72.
采用微波消解-原子荧光光谱法测定了垃圾焚烧飞灰中铅的含量。重点研究了铁氰化钾的用量以及加入盐酸羟胺对测定结果的影响。试验结果表明:加入铁氰化钾可以促进铅烷生成,盐酸羟胺可起到抑制干扰的作用。方法的检出限为0.39μg/L,回收率为83.6%~101.3%。 相似文献
73.
Cell concentration, viability and culture composition of airborne bacteria during a dust event in Beijing 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hongli Yuan Daizhou Zhang Yanning Shi Baozhen Li Jinshui Yang Xuejian Yu Nan Chen Makiko Kakikawa 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2017,29(5):33-40
Airborne bacteria were measured when a dust storm passed Beijing in spring 2012 with a focus on cell concentration,viability and TSA-and R2A-cultured strain composition.The concentration varied at an order of 10~7 cells/m~3 with dust loading(demonstrated with PM_(10))and they had a very close correlation(R_T~2 = 0.91,p 0.01).At the time of highest PM_(10) of652 μg/m~3,the bacterial concentration reached 1.4 × 10~8 cells/m~3,which was larger than that before and after the dust event by one order.Bacterial viability,the ratio of number concentration of viable cells to total cells,was 32%-64%and smaller in the dust plume than that before the dust arrival.Bacterial strains from the culture ranged between 2.5 x 104 and4.6×10~5 CFU/m~3 and no correlation with PM_(10) was determined.Their composition was different before and after the dust arrival according to 16SrRNA gene sequences and strains belong to Actinomycetes and Firmicutes were the majority in the dust samples. 相似文献
74.
Shengdong Liu Enxiang Shang Jingnan Liu Yining Wang Nanthi Bolan M.B. Kirkham Yang Li 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2022,16(1):8
75.
This work investigated the application of several fluorescence excitation-emission matrix analysis methods as natural organic matter (NOM) indicators for use in predicting the formation of trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs). Waters from four different sources (two rivers and two lakes) were subjected to jar testing followed by 24 hr disinfection by-product formation tests using chlorine. NOM was quantified using three common measures: dissolved organic carbon, ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm, and specific ultraviolet absorbance as well as by principal component analysis, peak picking, and parallel factor analysis of fluorescence spectra. Based on multi-linear modeling of THMs and HAAs, principle component (PC) scores resulted in the lowest mean squared prediction error of cross-folded test sets (THMs: 43.7 (μg/L)2, HAAs: 233.3 (μg/L)2). Inclusion of principle components representative of protein-like material significantly decreased prediction error for both THMs and HAAs. Parallel factor analysis did not identify a protein-like component and resulted in prediction errors similar to traditional NOM surrogates as well as fluorescence peak picking. These results support the value of fluorescence excitation-emission matrix-principal component analysis as a suitable NOM indicator in predicting the formation of THMs and HAAs for the water sources studied. 相似文献
76.
Peng Li Lingqian Dong Han Jin Jingren Yang Yonghui Tu Chao Wang Yiliang He 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2022,16(12):159
77.
Biological degradation of dissolved organic matter(DOM) regulates its structure and fate in river ecosystems. Previous views suggested that labile components were dominantly consumed by microbial metabolism. Here we provide new observations that a part of recalcitrant compounds largely contribute to riverine DOM biodegradation. The excitationemission matrix fluorescent spectroscopy combined with peak picking and parallel factor analysis are used to explore component variability during DOM incuba... 相似文献
78.
The objective of this project was to assess the efficacy of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with chromosome-specific DNA probes to identify chromosome number in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded placental specimens. Using this approach, 75 per cent of the karyotypes in 20 formalin-fixed placental samples (comprising aneuploids, triploids, and normals) were correctly identified. As this technology improves, the ability to obtain information regarding chromosomal abnormalities in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded placental tissue should improve as well. This technology can potentially provide important cytogenetic information even when fresh tissue is not available for standard karyotypic analysis. 相似文献
79.
P. Nagesh Rao Ph.D. Rosa Hayworth Kelly Cox Frank Grass Mark J. Pettenati 《黑龙江环境通报》1993,13(4):233-238
Rapid detection of aneuploidy using chromosome-specific repetitive DNA probes and the potential diagnostic accuracy of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on interphase cells of chorionic villus samples (CVS) are presented. Analyses demonstrated the ability to correctly identify aneuploidy using FISH in uncultured CVS. Our preliminary investigation suggests that this technique offers a significant clinical potential to circumvent problems of culture, time, and cost in cytogenetic analysis. 相似文献
80.
Bin Hua Kristen Veum Amod Koirala John Jones Thomas Clevenger Baolin Deng 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2007,5(2):73-77
Water samples from 56 lakes of Missouri, USA, were analysed for their fluorescence excitation/emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy
and the formation potentials of total trihalomethanes (TTHM) and N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA). Comparing the excitation/emission matrix fingerprints with trihalomethanes formation revealed
that water with higher fluorescence intensity generally exhibited higher trihalomethanes formation potential. Moreover, waters
with fluorescence centre at excitation: 290–310 nm/emission: 330–350 nm were related to high N-nitrosodimethylamine and trihalomethanes formation potentials. The results suggest that excitation/emission matrix fingerprints
could be used as surrogate parameters for monitoring trihalomethanes and N-nitrosodimethylamine formation potentials. 相似文献