粉煤灰复垦中锌、硒、锑的淋溶释放研究

粉煤灰用于土地复垦,可以改良土质,并提高粉煤灰的利用率,已成为粉煤灰主要利用途径之一。但是在自然降水的条件下,一些元素如锌、硒、锑等会从复垦土壤中被淋滤出,进而对环境造成危害。通过对粉煤灰复垦的土壤连续淋滤2,8,14 h,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)对淋出液中的锌、硒、锑进行分析测定,实验结果表明,取样深度为10 cm时,随着离复垦土壤的距离增加,下游土壤中锌浓度一直减少,硒浓度先减少后增加,而锑浓度先增加后减少,与背景值相比,淋滤液中的锌和硒都有不同程度的富集。     

粉煤灰在改良土壤中的应用研究

摘要：粉煤灰的颗粒组成以微细的玻璃体为主,其颗粒组成决定了粉煤灰可用作土壤改良剂。但由于单一废弃物的营养元素常不平衡或物理性质不够理想,单独用于土壤中容易造成一些负面影响,故采用粉煤灰和有机固体废弃物配施,为植物生长提供更充分的营养物质和能量。     

粉煤灰负载壳聚糖去除水中低浓度磷的研究

磷是富营养化限制因子,同时,中国主要能源是煤,每年会产生大量的粉煤灰废弃物;壳聚糖广泛存在于自然界,在水处理中的应用前景广阔。利用粉煤灰负载壳聚糖处理水中的磷既可以减少水中的污染物质,成本低,耗能少,又可以使固体废物得到有效的利用。实验中,以粉煤灰负载壳聚糖作为吸附剂,对磷酸盐的吸附进行了实验研究。讨论了废水的pH值、吸附平衡时间、吸附剂的投加量和吸附温度等各个因素对磷酸盐去除率的影响。研究表明:在粉煤灰负载壳聚糖的投加量为6 g/L、废水浓度为3 mg/L、吸附温度为30℃、吸附时间为30 min的条件下,P的去除率可达90%左右。     

对生活垃圾焚烧产物中重金属的探讨

以成都某生活垃圾焚烧厂为例,通过实验分别研究了焚烧产物中各主要重金属的含量和浸出毒性,由此分析了生活垃圾焚烧产物中的重金属对城市环境的危害。结果表明,该生活垃圾焚烧厂排放的飞灰和炉渣样品中,镉,铜,铅,锌的含量接近或超过国家土壤环境质量标准三级标准,其浸出液pH呈强碱性,镉和飞灰中铅量超过国家浸出液中危害成分浓度限值标准,在环境中存在潜在危害性。在此基础上探讨了生活垃圾中重金属的来源,提出了可行性建议。     

Impact of Fly Ash from Coal-Fired Power Stations in Delhi, with Particular Reference to Metal Contamination

Indraprastha Power Station (IPP Stn) and Rajghat Power House (RPH), owned by Delhi Electric Supply Undertaking, are both coal-fired power stations located on Ring Road in New Delhi. Ash content of the coal used ranges between 38–47%. The ash is collected in electrostatic precipitators which have an efficiency of 99.3% (IPP station), and 99.7% (RPH). There are instances of major dust pollution around the power stations from fly ash dispersal. The main method of disposal of fly ash from the power stations is by mixing with water, the resultant slurry is pumped through pipes to ash disposal ponds. The supernatant from these ponds is discharged into River Yamuna. Field studies have revealed large quantities of fly ash being deposited into the river. Local populations of Eichhornia crassipes have reduced dramatically between 1987–1995, with a marked reduction in the year 1994–1995. Field studies, conducted in January, 1995 have investigated the impact of fly ash dispersal in the Delhi region with particular reference to metal contamination. Elemental concentrations for a range of elements are determined by ICP-AES in fly ash and top soils along four transects from the power stations up to a distance of 8 km. The effects of fly ash leachates from the ash settling ponds on the river are determined by analyzing river overbank soils and vegetation for their elemental contents. It is concluded that fly ash dispersal from the stacks are a source of alkali, alkaline-earth and to some extent heavy metals in soils in the vicinity of the power stations, and enrichment of elements in river overbank soils are a result of discharge of fly ash leachates from ash disposal ponds. However, the impact from both these sources of metal contamination is not large enough to give cause for concern. Marked reduction in populations of Eichhornia crassipes downstream of the river where it receives leachates from the ash disposal ponds are attributed to turbidity of the ash pond leachates and metal toxicity. Elemental enrichment in the floodplain soils, as a result of fly ash particle deposition during monsoons, may enhance the horticultural value of these soils as is shown by a healthy cultivated crop of Brassica juncea.     

Leaching of arsenic from coal fly ashes 2. Arsenic pre‐leaching with sodium gluconate solution

The present study deals with the development of an efficient and reliable process for safe disposal of coal fly ash to remove arsenic that has been found to be the most easily leachable and hazardous heavy metal in coal fly ash. Pre‐leaching of fly ash prior to disposal by a natural chelating agent, sodium gluconate (SG), was proposed and studied. Several operational factors influencing arsenic leachability, such as concentration of SG solution, liquid to solid ratio, pH, length of leaching time and leaching temperature were examined. Arsenic was found to leach out substantially with SG, but almost no further release was observed from the ash pre‐leached by SG. After the pre‐leaching treatment, the desirable high buffering capacity of the ash was well sustained. SG solution was effectively regenerated by activated alumina adsorption so that it could be successfully reused for multiple leaching/adsorption cycles.     

用聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料废弃物调制油性腻子

以工业废弃物聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料及电厂粉煤灰为主要原料,用适量轻溶剂油调制成油性腻子,搅拌均匀经三辊机或轮碾机研磨至完全均匀细腻,包装即得产品。该产品的性能与同类油性腻子相似,而制造成本显著降低,适用于填平金属、木质、混凝土物体表面的凹坑、针孔和缝隙,同时减少了白色污染物聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料废弃物对环境的污染。     

飞灰颗粒物介导活性氧氧化损伤与金属离子浸取浓度的关系研究

本文利用脱氧核糖氧化法考察了飞灰颗粒物氧化能力与络合剂及盐酸浸取颗粒物上金属浓度的关系。结果表明,代表氧化损伤程度指标的脱氧核糖氧化物,通过硫代巴比妥酸似丙二醛加合物显色反应,其吸光度值与飞灰颗粒物被浸取剂盐酸及氨三乙酸作用后的金属离子铁、锌、镉、铅和锰的浓度显著相关。基于铁在自然环境中的高含量及在活性氧催化反应中的特殊性,本文认为二乙三氨五乙酸、乙二胺四乙酸及柠檬酸浸取液中的金属浓度不能很好地表     

回收粉煤灰磁珠在污水处理中的应用

从粉煤灰综合利用角度,探时利用回收粉煤灰中磁珠作磁种,用高梯度磁分离技术进行污水处理的可行性,进一步研究了粉煤灰磁珠粒度组成对污水处理效果的影响。     

粉煤灰--Fenton法处理酸性红印染废水

以美尔雅酸性红废水为研究对象 ,采用粉煤灰—Fenton法进行处理研究。确定了絮凝剂及其最佳浓度、粉煤灰和Fenton试剂处理的最佳条件。经处理后废水COD的去除率达 97%以上 ,色度去除率达 99%以上。