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951.
952.
文章研究了城市垃圾焚烧飞灰中Cu、Zn的含量、形态分布及几种螯合剂、天然有机酸及其钠盐和无机酸对其中Cu、Zn的去除能力。结果表明:飞灰中Cu、Zn含量很高,主要以残渣态存在;供试螯合剂和天然有机酸及其钠盐对Cu、Zn的去除效果以DTPA最好;EDTA-Na2与天然有机酸复合可提高去除效果,而与其钠盐复合后对Cu的去除效果变化不大,对Zn的去除略有降低;DTPA与天然有机酸及其钠盐复合后而对Cu的去除变化较大,对Zn的去除变化很小;高浓度酸对Cu、Zn的去除能力较低浓度酸强。 相似文献
953.
Present study explored the adsorptive characteristics of Indigo Carmine (IC) dye from aqueous solution onto rice husk ash (RHA). Batch experiments were carried out to determine the influence of parameters like initial pH (pH(0)), contact time (t), adsorbent dose (m) and initial concentration (C(0)) on the removal of IC. The optimum conditions were found to be: pH(0)=5.4, t=8h and m=10.0 g/l. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model represented the adsorption kinetics of IC on to RHA. Equilibrium isotherms were analyzed by Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin and Redlich-Peterson models using a non-linear regression technique. Adsorption of IC on RHA was favorably influenced by an increase in the temperature of the operation. The positive values of the change in entropy (DeltaS(0)) and heat of adsorption (DeltaH(0)); and the negative value of change in Gibbs free energy (DeltaG(0)) indicate feasible and spontaneous adsorption of IC on to RHA. 相似文献
954.
955.
In Japan, melting-furnace fly ash (MFA) generated from ash melting and gasification/melting plants is considered an “urban
mine” due to its high metal content. This study aimed to develop a novel approach to pretreating MFA for metal recovery. Water
extraction with CO2 bubbling was investigated because MFA mainly consists of water-soluble salts containing elements such as Cl, Ca, Na, and
K. Instead of acid addition, CO2 bubbling was applied to maintain the optimal pH for minimizing the release of target metal elements and maximizing the removal
of undesirable elements during water extraction. The results revealed that CO2 bubbling effectively decreased the release of Pb, Zn, and Cd into the treatment water. This was mainly due to coprecipitation
with CaCO3, which was primarily formed by the reaction of Ca2+ from the MFA with CO3
2− from the CO2 gas. The bubbling process also helped accelerate the removal of Cl from MFA. Furthermore, the study showed that it is possible
to lower the water-to-solid ratio to 5 with only a slight reduction in water extraction effect. Finally, approximately four
times the concentration of target metals (rare metals and Cu, Pb, and Zn) was achieved by removing 90% of Cl, 70%–90% of Na
and K, and 30%–40% of Ca through water extraction with CO2 bubbling, resulting in a concentration of target metals that was nearly equal to that of ore. 相似文献
956.
Due to their potential toxicity and odourous nature, the residual organics in municipal solid waste incinerators are recently gaining attention as an important issue of resources recovery apart from their complex mixture of organic counterpart. Studies of the organic fractions in municipal solid waste incinerator residues have been limited. In this study, extended solid-phase extraction of the water-washed bottom ash and liquid-phase extraction of the washing water were carried out with regard to bottom ash samples from three mass-burning incinerators in Taipei County (Taiwan) during four consecutive seasons of year 2008-2009. Supercritical fluid extraction and Soxtec extraction techniques along with GC-MS were successfully used to characterize the residual organics in weathered and washed bottom ashes. Supercritical fluid extraction provided the quantification of aliphatics and aromatic compounds such as hexanoic acid and benzaldehyde, respectively. Soxtec extraction was useful for qualitative analysis of aromatic and aliphatic groups in the ashes and many of which were odourous and toxic compounds. By mixing one unit weight (g) bottom ash with two unit volume (mL) water for 15 min, total organic carbon in the bottom ash was greatly reduced (e.g., from 4.1 to 1.8 wt.%). Among the removed were foul odour-causing compounds such as pyridine and quinoline derivatives, while some aromatic compounds such as 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and low-molecular-weight aliphatics such as hexanoic acid remained. The results here suggest that washing with water can be an effective pre-treatment step for removing odour-causing and environmental concerned organics. 相似文献
957.
In the present research mortar pastes obtained by replacing a commercial cement with the equivalent mass of 5, 10, 20 and 30 wt.% of fly ash or bottom ash from fir chips combustion, were prepared and rheologically characterized. It was observed that the presence of ash modifies their rheological behaviour with respect to the reference blend due to the presence, in the ashes, of KCl and K2SO4 which cause precipitation of gypsum and portlandite during the first hydration stages of the pastes. Hydrated materials containing 5 wt.% of ash display compression strength and absorption at 28 d of same magnitude as the reference composition; conversely, progressive increase of ash cause a continuous decline of materials performances. Conversely, samples tested after 180 d display a marked decline of compression strength, as a consequence of potassium elution and consequent alkali-silica reaction against materials under curing. 相似文献
958.
959.
Environmental risks of farmed and barren alkaline coal ash landfills in Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Dellantonio A Fitz WJ Custovic H Repmann F Schneider BU Grünewald H Gruber V Zgorelec Z Zerem N Carter C Markovic M Puschenreiter M Wenzel WW 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,153(3):677-686
The disposal of coal combustion residues (CCR) has led to a significant consumption of land in the West Balkan region. In Tuzla (Bosnia and Herzegovina) we studied previously soil-covered (farmed) and barren CCR landfills including management practises, field ageing of CCR and the transfer of trace elements into crops, wild plants and wastewaters. Soil tillage resulted in mixing of cover soil with CCR. Medicago sativa showed very low Cu:Mo ratios (1.25) which may cause hypocuprosis in ruminants. Total loads of inorganic pollutants in the CCR transport water, but not pH ( approximately 12), were below regulatory limits of most EU countries. Arsenic concentrations in CCR transport water were <2microgl(-1) whereas reductive conditions in an abandoned landfill significantly enhanced concentrations in leachates (44microgl(-1)). The opposite pattern was found for Cr likely due to large initial leaching of CrVI. Public use of landfills, including farming, should be based on a prior risk assessment due to the heterogeneity of CCR. 相似文献
960.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ash: determination of total and leachable concentrations 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Enell A Fuhrman F Lundin L Warfvinge P Thelin G 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,152(2):285-292
Before wood ash can be used as a soil fertilizer, concentrations of environmentally hazardous compounds must be investigated. In this study, total and leachable concentrations of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in four ash samples and one green liquor sludge. The ash sample with the highest carbon content also contained high levels of PAHs; three of the ash samples had total concentrations exceeding the limit permitted by the Swedish Forest Agency for recycling to forest soils. The leachable concentrations were higher for the non-stabilized samples; this was probably due to colloid-facilitated transport of the contaminants in these samples. However, the leachable concentrations were overall relatively low in all the samples studied. The amounts of PAHs introduced to forest soils by additions of stabilized, recyclable ash products will be determined primarily by the rate of weathering of the ash particles and the total concentration of contaminants. 相似文献