高效喷淋泡沫脱硫技术及装置的应用

SO2是产生酸雨的主要气体，其主要来源于工业燃煤锅炉。以沈阳一家电厂为例，该厂选用新型高效的喷淋泡沫脱硫除尘器对锅炉排放的SO2进行治理。进入喷淋泡沫塔前的SO2平均浓度为2780mg／m^3，经脱硫后出塔平均浓度为289．3mg／m^3，去除率为89．6％。结果表明，这种有别于传统湿法的新型高效的喷淋泡沫脱硫技术及装置具有脱硫效率高、装置占地少、运行稳定、沉淀物易于回收利用等特点，对锅炉排放的SO2进行治理是非常有效的。     

焚烧秸秆对城市空气质量的影响及对策

通过夏收季节农民焚烧秸秆的烟尘，引起对城市环境空气质量变化的分析，结果表明：焚烧秸秆对城市环境空气质量有很大影响，使环境空气质量明显下降，而主要污染物为可吸入颗粒物PM10。有关部门应采取有效措施，禁止焚烧秸秆，同时应积极为农民寻找合理利用秸秆的途径，减少对城市空气的烟尘污染。     

不同粒度飞灰中16种微量元素的含量分布

研究了不同粒级的燃煤飞灰中的Ｂａ、Ｂｅ、Ｃｄ、Ｃｒ、Ｃｕ、Ｈｇ、Ｌｉ、Ｍｎ、Ｎｉ、Ｐｂ、Ｓｒ、Ｔｉ、Ｖ、Ｚｎ、Ｚｒ元素的含量分布,煤中元素的含量比及富集因子。     

Characterization of submicron particles during autumn in Beijing, China

In this study, we performed a highly time-resolved chemical characterization of nonrefractory submicron particles(NR-PM_1) in Beijing by using an Aerodyne high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer(HR-ToF-AMS). The results showed the average NR-PM_1 mass concentration to be 56.4 ± 58.0 μg/m~3, with a peak at 307.4 μg/m~3. Due to the high frequency of biomass burning in autumn, submicron particles significantly increased in organic content, which accounted for 51% of NR-PM_1 on average. Secondary inorganic aerosols(sulfate + nitrate + ammonium) accounted for 46% of NR-PM_1, of which sulfate,nitrate, and ammonium contributed 15%, 20%, and 11%, respectively. To determine the intrinsic relationships between the organic and inorganic species, we used the positive matrix factorization(PMF) model to merge the high-resolution mass spectra of the organic species and NO+and NO_2~+ions. The PMF analysis separated the mixed organic and nitrate(NO+and NO_2~+) spectra into four organic factors, including hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol(HOA), oxygenated organic aerosol(OOA), cooking organic aerosol(COA), and biomass burning organic aerosol(BBOA), as well as one nitrate inorganic aerosol(NIA) factor. COA(33%) and OOA(30%) contributed the most to the total organic aerosol(OA) mass, followed by BBOA(20%) and HOA(17%). We successfully quantified the mass concentrations of the organic and inorganic nitrates by the NO+and NO2+ions signal in the organic and NIA factors. The organic nitrate mass varied from 0.01-6.8 μg/m~3, with an average of 1.0 ±1.1 μg/m~3, and organic nitrate components accounted for 10% of the total nitrate mass in this observation.     

基于Logistic回归的林缘计划烧除气象条件判别分析

森林火灾是一种破坏性极强的灾害,它与农事活动以及气象条件密切相关,加强其预防与控制具有十分重要的作用和意义。根据2014年~2015年闽东屏南县进行的60次林缘计划烧除试验观测的主要气象要素数据(天晴日数、温度、湿度、风速),建立基于Logistic二元回归的林缘烧除气象条件判别模型进行检验和分析。结果表明,模型判别计划烧除成功与否的预报准确率高(91.7%),主要气象要素对林缘计划烧除成功与否发挥重要作用,其中连续晴天日数为最大影响因子,其次为风速。模型通过检验和验证结果显著,具有预报服务应用价值。     

喹啉和吡啶共存条件下的MFC产电特性研究

喹啉和吡啶往往共存于实际废水中,本文通过构双极室MFC,以铁氰化钾为电子受体,对喹啉和吡啶在MFC中的降解以及产电性进行研究.结果表明,MFC的最大输出电压随着葡萄糖浓度的降低而降低,当喹啉和吡啶初始浓度均为500mg·L-1,葡萄糖浓度分别为1000、500、100mg·L-1时,最高输出电压逐渐降低,分别为606、537、354mV;最大体积功率密度为18.4、14.4和6.3W.m-3.当以等浓度500mg·L-1的喹啉和吡啶作混合燃料时,MFC的内阻超过1250Ω,最大体积功率密度为2.9W.m-3.周期结束时,COD的去除率达79%以上,喹啉和吡啶均可以完全去除,喹啉的降解速率明显高于吡啶.MFC可以利用喹啉和吡啶作为混合燃料,这为含喹啉和吡啶共存类实际废水的MFC处理提供了理论依据.     

微生物燃料电池中产电微生物电子传递研究进展

微生物燃料电池集产电和污水净化为一体,作为一种新型的能源回收技术得到人们的广泛关注。从微生物燃料电池工作原理来看,电子能否顺利地传递到阳极表面对于电流的产生起着关键作用。因此,本文重点阐述了电子在产电微生物体内产生的途径、电子从微生物体内向阳极传递的不同方式以及阳极材料对产电微生物附着和电子传递的影响。从生物化学、电化学和材料学上对产电微生物体内的电子到阳极整个过程进行全面的综述。明确电子传递的关键环节,为新型高效阳极材料的开发提供思路。     

Influence of rice straw burning on the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in agricultural county, Taiwan

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Estimating emissions from crop residue open burning in China based on statistics and MODIS fire products

With the objective of reducing the large uncertainties in the estimations of emissions from crop residue open burning, an improved method for establishing emission inventories of crop residue open burning at a high spatial resolution of 0.25°× 0.25° and a temporal resolution of1 month was established based on the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer(MODIS) Thermal Anomalies/Fire Daily Level3 Global Product(MOD/MYD14A1). Agriculture mechanization ratios and regional crop-specific grain-to-straw ratios were introduced to improve the accuracy of related activity data. Locally observed emission factors were used to calculate the primary pollutant emissions. MODIS satellite data were modified by combining them with county-level agricultural statistical data, which reduced the influence of missing fire counts caused by their small size and cloud cover. The annual emissions of CO_2, CO, CH_4,nonmethane volatile organic compounds(NMVOCs), N_2O, NO_x, NH_3, SO_2, fine particles(PM2.5),organic carbon(OC), and black carbon(BC) were 150.40, 6.70, 0.51, 0.88, 0.01, 0.13, 0.07, 0.43,1.09, 0.34, and 0.06 Tg, respectively, in 2012. Crop residue open burning emissions displayed typical seasonal and spatial variation. The highest emission regions were the Yellow-Huai River and Yangtse-Huai River areas, and the monthly emissions were highest in June(37%).Uncertainties in the emission estimates, measured as 95% confidence intervals, range from a low of within ±126% for N_2O to a high of within ± 169% for NH_3.     

手烧型燃煤锅炉和工业炉窑烟尘污染的防治对策

众多手烧型锅炉和工业炉窑废气排放是造成城市空气严重污染的主要原因。本文通过剖析燃煤产生烟尘的机理,现有烟尘控制技术以及不同炉窑的工艺情况,提出手烧型燃煤锅炉、工业炉窑烟尘污染防治措施。