MOBILE计算中国机动车CO排放因子时的计算年确定

在使用MOBILE计算机动车排放因子时,一个较为重要的计算参数——计算年,在美国是根据实际年份来确定的,但是由于我国机动车排放发展水平与美国的不同,其值的确定是比较困难的关键问题。文章利用我国的实测机动车排放因子数据,在同等条件下使用MOBILE计算排放因子,并与道路实测数据对比,得到不同测试年份对应的MOBILE计算年,从而回归出使用MOBILE计算机动车排放因子的计算年公式。在今后利用MOBILE计算机动车排放时,可以方便的使用公式得到对应的MOBILE计算年,从而提高计算的精确度。     

异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌WXZ-8的脱氮产物N_2O和N_2研究

研究了异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌WXZ-8(Bacillus cereus)的异养硝化性能,并采用GC-ECD(Gas Chromatography-Electron Capture Detector)、GC-TCD(Gas Chromatography-Thermal Conductivity Detector)方法分别测定了脱氮过程中的气体产物N2O和N2。为了改进密封反应的溶氧条件,采用纯氧密封摇瓶培养和空气密封摇瓶培养两个对照条件下进行培养。结果表明:(1)空气密封瓶实验条件下,WXZ-8产生的N2O为0.00945mg,N2为9.5005mg,分别占从水体中脱除的氮的0.047%和47.09%,另外,同化合成的氮含量占48.74%;(2)纯氧密封瓶实验条件下,WXZ-8产生的N2O为0.00463mg,N2为9.686mg,分别占从水体中脱除的氮的0.024%与49.57%,同样,同化合成的氮含量占49.23%。两组对照实验表明,WXZ-8菌是一株高效、产生低水平量N2O的性能良好的异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌,且纯氧培养条件更有利于控制N2O的逸出。     

煤炭企业节能减排问题与对策

通过对煤炭企业能耗状况和排污状况的分析,指出煤炭企业节能减排的紧迫性,并从人才紧缺、企业管理与节能减排工作脱节等方面分析了煤炭企业节能减排工作面临的问题,提出应发展循环经济,通过技术创新、管理创新、提高全员素质,促进煤炭企业节能减排。     

福建省城市生活饮用水源地水质状况及保护措施

以2003年-2008年饮用水源地水质监测数据为基础,对福建省城市生活饮用水源地水质进行评价及趋势分析。评价结果表明：福建省城市生活饮用水源地水质总体较好,水质逐年改善,冬半年水质优于夏半年,湖库型水源地未出现水质富营养化现象;不同水体类型水源地中,地下水型水源地水质最好,河流型水源地次之,湖库型水源地水质较差。本文针对福建省城市生活饮用水源地水质状况及存在的安全问题,提出了相应的饮用水源地保护措施,为领导决策部门提供一定的理论依据。     

滑坡灾害预防的若干问题

本文简析了滑坡机理及其影响失稳的因素,总括了滑坡治理和监测评价方法。实践证明岩体声发射监测技术是滑坡监测预报的最可靠方法。本文总结作者的研究与实践,提出若干声发射监测技术的发展建议。     

中欧节能减排政策比较

欧盟国家开展节能减排较早,并积累了丰富的经验。比较了在金融危机影响下欧盟与中国在节能减排法律框架、管理方式、经济政策、产业政策和技术创新方面的异同,提出中国应该借鉴欧盟国家的先进经验,完善现有的节能减排政策体系,实现经济和社会的可持续发展。     

北京北部水系沉积物中重金属的研究

主要研究了北京市北部水系沉积物中重金属(As、Hg、Cd、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb、Ti和Zn)含量和来源.在潮白河及密云水库流域采集了17个沉积物样品,温榆河流域采集了5个样品,重金属含量As和Hg采用原子荧光光谱法测定,Cd、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb、Ti和Zn含量用电感耦合等离子发射光谱法测定.研究结果表明,沉积物中重金属元素没有出现明显的富集状况,只有Hg、Cd、Cr和Zn在一些采样点有较高的富集.相关性分析表明Hg、Cd、Zn和Cu互相之间呈显著正相关(r0.06;p0.01),而Hg与Cr、Mn、Ni、Pb和Ti没有明显的相关性.通过主成分分析研究重金属的来源,发现前3个主成分贡献率分别为38%、23%和17%.因此,Hg、Cd、Zn和Cu作为第一主成分被认为与人类活动的工矿业开采有关,第二主成分As和Mn与人类活动的农业生产和生活污水排放有关,第三主成分Cr、Ni和Ti与岩石风化和土壤侵蚀有关.     

Multiple linear regression models of urban runoff pollutant load and event mean concentration considering rainfall variables

Rainfall is an important factor in estimating the event mean concentration (EMC) which is used to quantify the washed-off pollutant concentrations from non-point sources (NPSs). Pollutant loads could also be calculated using rainfall, catchment area and runoff coefficient. In this study, runoff quantity and quality data gathered from a 28-month monitoring conducted on the road and parking lot sites in Korea were evaluated using multiple linear regression (MLR) to develop equations for estimating pollutant loads and EMCs as a function of rainfall variables. The results revealed that total event rainfall and average rainfall intensity are possible predictors of pollutant loads. Overall, the models are indicators of the high uncertainties of NPSs; perhaps estimation of EMCs and loads could be accurately obtained by means of water quality sampling or a long term monitoring is needed to gather more data that can be used for the development of estimation models.     

Anatomic and acoustic sexual dimorphism in the sound emission system of Phoenicoprocta capistrata (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae)

Both sexes of Phoenicoprocta capistrata have functional tymbals. The scanning electron microscopy revealed differences in the morphology of these organs in males and females. Male tymbals have a well-developed striated band, constituted by 21 ± 2 regularly arranged striae whereas female tymbals lack a striated band. This type of sexual dimorphism is rare in Arctiidae. The recording of the sound produced by moths held by the wings revealed that while males produced trains of pulses organized in modulation cycles, females produced clicks at low repetition rate following very irregular patterns. Statistically, there are differences between sexes in terms of the duration of pulses, which were 355 ± 24 μs in the case of males and 289 ± 29 μs for females. The spectral characteristics of the pulses also show sexual dimorphism. Male pulses are more tuned (Q ₁₀ = 5.2 ± 0.5) than female pulses (Q ₁₀ = 2.7 ± 0.5) and have a higher best frequency (42 ± 1 kHz vs. 29 ± 2 kHz). To our knowledge, this is the first report on an arctiid moth showing sexual dimorphism in tymbal’s anatomy that leads to a best frequency dimorphism. Males produce sound at mating attempts. The sounds recorded during mating are modulation cycles with the same spectral characteristics as those recorded when males are held by the wings. The morphological and acoustic features of female tymbals could indicate a process of degeneration and adaptation to conditions under which the emission of complex patterns is not necessary. Frank Coro no longer works at Universidad de La Habana.     

大连市水泥产业结构调整与节能减排工作探索

综述了大连市政府根据水泥工业自身的发展形势和需要,作出了关闭全市所有非新型干法生产工艺的中小型水泥厂29家的重大抉择,完成了540万t落后水泥产能淘汰任务,取得了削减烟、粉尘排放量1123万t的效果：介绍了大连市水泥工业在节能减排方面的一些具体做法;展望了利用水泥工业“新陈代谢”的特点,节约能源资源、大力发展循环经济的发展趋势,并对节能减排工作进行了探索。