受限空间内细水雾与火相互作用的实验研究

细水雾灭火系统作为卤代烷系列灭火剂的替代产品之一，以其高效无毒、经济实用的优点，近年来在国际上研究得非常活跃。本文在受限空间内利用先进的材料热释放速率测量仪研究了细水雾与火的相互作用过程，并得到了以下结论：细水雾通过汽化吸热冷却燃料及氧化剂、体积膨胀隔氧以及吸收热辐射降低对燃料的热回馈等效应与火相互作用，达到控制和扑灭火灾的目的，在受限空间内汽化隔氧效应起着重要作用。     

Functional traits of poplar leaves and fine roots responses to ozone pollution under soil nitrogen addition

Concurrent ground-level ozone（O₃） pollution and anthropogenic nitrogen（N） deposition can markedly influence dynamics and productivity in forests.Most studies evaluating the functional traits responses of rapid-turnover organs to O₃ have specifically examined leaves,despite fine roots are another major source of soil carbon and nutrient input in forest ecosystems.How elevated O₃ levels impact fine root biomass and biochemistry remains to be resolved.This study was...     

The use of material flow analysis and the ecological footprint in regional policy-making: application and insights from Northern Ireland

This paper aims to contribute to the ongoing debate on the use of resource accounting tools in regional policy-making. The Northern Limits project applied material flow analysis (MFA) and ecological footprinting (EF) to regional policy-making in Northern Ireland over a number of years. The early phase of the research informed the regions first sustainable development strategy which was published in 2006 with key targets relating to the EF and improving the resource efficiency of the economy. Phase II identified the next steps required to address data availability and quality and the use of MFA and EF in providing a measurement and monitoring framework for the strategy and the development of the strategy implementation plan. The use of MFA and EF in sustainable regional policy-making and the monitoring of its implementation is an ongoing process which has raised a number of research issues which can inform the ongoing application and development of these and other resource accounting tools to within Northern Ireland, provide insights for their use in other regions, and help set out the priorities for research to support this important policy area.     

PPS滤料机械性能测试研究

袋式除尘行业里,所用滤料本身的性质有重要的意义,而衡量滤料性质的指标中最重要的一点就是其机械性能的稳定性。在产品大批量投产与使用之前,都要对这项指标进行测定。文章以PPS滤料为例,研究了在测定滤料机械性能时,样品选取尺寸的大小对其断裂强力和断裂伸长率两项机械性能测试数值的影响。     

IMPROVED ENERGY AND MATERIAL EFFICIENCY USING NEW TOOLS FOR GLOBAL OPTIMISATION OF RESIDUE MATERIAL FLOWS

Residue materials generated in the metallurgical industry have gained an increasing importance, both from the points of view of energy and material supply. A joint process integration model for the integrated steel plant system is developed and used in this paper. It takes into account both residue materials and energy recirculation for the system. The potential for increased recirculation and the effect on the system from an environmental point of view is presented, and implementations and practical experiences are discussed. The model developed can serve as a benchmark for different steelmaking operations and constitute a basis for the continuous work involved in material, energy, environment or economic analyses for the steel production system.     

Mechanisms of allicin exposure for the sludge fermentation enhancement: Focusing on the fermentation processes and microbial metabolic traits

As a frequently used product with antimicrobial activity, consumed allicin might be discharged and concentrated in waste-activated sludge (WAS). However, the influence of allicin (as an exogenous pollutant) on WAS fermentation has not been clearly revealed. This study aimed to disclose the impacts of allicin on volatile fatty acid (VFA) generation during WAS fermentation. The results showed that the appropriate presence of allicin (10 mg/g TSS) significantly enhanced the VFA yield (1894 versus 575 mg COD/L in the control) with increased acetate proportion (24.3%). Further exploration found that allicin promoted WAS solubilization, hydrolysis and acidification simultaneously. Metagenomic analysis revealed that the key genes involved in extracellular hydrolysis metabolism (i.e., CAZymes), membrane transport (i.e., gtsA and ytfT), substrate metabolism (i.e., yhdR and pfkC) and fatty acid synthesis (i.e., accA and accD) were all highly expressed. Allicin also induced the bacteria to produce more signalling molecules and regulate cellular functions, thereby enhancing the microbial adaptive and regulatory capacity to the unfavourable environment. Moreover, the variations in fermentative microbes and their contributions to the upregulation of functional genes (i.e., ytfR, gltL, INV, iolD and pflD) for VFA generation were disclosed. Overall, the simultaneous stimulation of functional microbial abundances and metabolic activities contributed to VFA production in allicin-conditioned reactors.     

大口径火炮身管寿命提升技术探讨

介绍了关于身管寿命研究的国内外发展现状、趋势和差距,论述了身管寿命的定义与评定标准。基于一般身管寿命预测方法,从发射装药、身管材料、身管发射负载、身管内膛表面强化等方面,分析了身管寿命的影响因素,确定了热作用、化学作用、机械作用、膛压作用的影响因素,提出了包括身管内膛镀铬技术在内的身管寿命提升需要解决的问题和关键技术,以及初步技术措施,并详细论述了身管内膛镀铬技术方案与技术途径,提出了达到世界先进水平的身管寿命提升技术发展目标,指出了身管寿命提升技术的发展趋势等,为今后身管寿命提升技术研究提供技术参考。     

过硫酸盐对电动-铁/碳复合材料联合修复多氯联苯污染土壤的强化作用

研究了3种浓度过硫酸盐溶液(2、20和200 g·L^-1,以下分别表示为0.2%、2%、20%)作为电解液对电动-铁/碳复合材料（EK-Fe/C）联合修复多氯联苯（PCBs）污染土壤的强化作用,并探究了EK-Fe/C-PS修复技术对土壤理化性质的影响.结果表明,EK-Fe/C-PS修复7 d后,土壤温度和可溶性有机质含量增加,p H显著降低,电导率下降.PS对EK-Fe/C联合修复PCB28污染土壤具有显著的强化作用,修复效果整体随PS浓度增加而增加.在PS浓度为20%时,PCB28的7 d平均去除效率最高（60.9%）,是EK-Fe/C处理组（20.5%）的3倍,EK-20%PS处理组（32.0%）的近2倍.阳极侧土壤PCB28去除效率显著高于阴极侧,达到92.7%±7.7%.在两个电极中间区域,PS浓度增加对修复效果的影响不显著.为降低修复成本和对土壤的影响,污染土壤修复实践中可先使用高浓度PS快速修复阳极和阴极侧土壤,再使用低浓度PS强化修复中间区域土壤.     

粤港澳大湾区典型固废综合处置园区能量代谢特征研究

我国城市固体废物种类多、来源广、产量大,不同固废处置方式不尽相同,但均面临能耗高、二次污染大等问题.本研究从物质流及投入产出分析视角出发,构建了城市多源固废处置能量代谢分析框架及其评价指标体系,并以位于中国粤港澳大湾区唯一的国家级资源循环利用园区为例,通过设置固废单独处置、固废物质协同处置和固废物质能量耦合协同处置3种模式情景,分别从投入、产出和效率3个方面对其能量代谢特征进行综合分析和评估.结果表明,从能源消耗角度来看,物质协同处置能源消耗高出单独处置27.54%,而物质能量耦合协同处置由于实现了余热余能内部回用,其能源消耗较单独处置减少了3.73%.从能量损失情况来看,通过物质协同和物质能量耦合协同,能量损失率从单独处置模式下的73.17%分别降到了65.82%和63.41%,其中废气赋存作为主要能量损失途径占比接近50.00%.从能效角度来看,物质能量耦合协同模式下,能源消耗强度比单独处置和物质协同处置模式下分别降低了11.54%和17.03%,但其能量循环利用率也仅仅只达到了12.22%.综上所述,加强城市多源固废集中化协同处置,可以增强其资源能源替代效应,降低区域生态环境风险,但各种低温烟气及废水的余热利用仍是未来我国固废协同处置下能碳双控的重要方向.同时本研究为城市多源固废处置能量代谢优化过程提供了一套可量化评估的方法和指标体系,将有助于促进我国城市固废综合利用行业绿色低碳循环发展目标的进一步实现.     

反应堆压力容器保温层辐射屏蔽组件传热计算分析及屏蔽材料试验研究

目的 确保华龙一号HPR1000反应堆压力容器保温层辐射屏蔽组件在运行工况下的可靠性、安全性以及能够有效执行其功能。方法 采用基于传热理论结合经验公式的理论计算方法,以及流固耦合的有限元仿真分析,对辐射屏蔽组件的运行温度进行计算。针对屏蔽材料在受热状态下的性质变化,进行一系列的热态性质试验。结果 理论计算方法得到的结果为163.36~168.74 ℃,有限元仿真分析得到的结果为236.85~266.85 ℃,两者偏差约100 ℃。对造成该种差异的原因进行了分析,发现仿真分析方法得到的结果的置信度更高。屏蔽材料在受热状态下,其体积膨胀率可达到38.82%,而当屏蔽材料受热超过其温度限值204 ℃后,将出现明显的粉化等物理状态恶化的趋势。结论 流固耦合的有限元仿真分析方法更适用于辐射屏蔽组件的传热过程计算,同时获取了屏蔽材料物理性状受热变化趋势,对屏蔽组件的选材及结构设计具有指导意义。