用聚(丙烯酸/丙烯酰胺)水凝胶吸附单价阳离子染料的研究

研究了用聚 (丙烯酸 丙烯酰胺 ) [P(AAc AAm) ]水凝胶对较高较大浓度范围 (10 -6— 10 -2 mol L)的阳离子染料碱性藏花红 (SafranineT)溶液的吸附过程和水凝胶经解吸后的再吸附性质 .实验结果表明 :增大P(AAc AAm)水凝胶的交联度和电荷比值有利于吸附过程的进行 ,并强化了引发过程 (initiationprocess)而抑制了协同过程 (cooperativeprocess) .水凝胶经解吸后 ,其吸附能力大大地增强 ,复合度 (β)超过 1,约为 1 5 ,此时 ,协同性和染料分子间的疏水相互作用起了主要作用     

泥沙对双酚A的吸附及其影响因素研究

以黄河泥沙为例,用SPE HPLC MS MS的方法分析了双酚A在泥沙上的吸附规律及其影响因素.结果表明,由于黄河泥沙碳酸盐含量较高,双酚A的等温吸附规律不能用线性吸附方程和Freundlich吸附方程来描述;去除泥沙中碳酸盐后,泥沙对双酚A的吸附量增加,且其吸附规律可用线性吸附方程和Freundlich吸附方程来描述.泥沙总有机质含量和可溶态有机质含量都会影响双酚A的吸附,沉积物和悬浮物对双酚A的吸附量分别与其可溶态有机质含量负相关;由于价态不同,钙离子和钾离子对双酚A的吸附影响规律相反,随着钙离子浓度的增加双酚A吸附量亦增加,而随着钾离子浓度的增加双酚A吸附量却减少.     

洹河底泥中有机污染物调查与分析

介绍了GC/MS联用仪对河流底泥中微量有机污染物进行定性、定量分析的实验方法,探讨了底泥与地表水中有机物种类和含量间的关系。     

提高A/O法处理生活污水脱氮效率探究

将A/O(厌氧/好氧)法处理生活污水设施的好氧生物滤池出口的硝化液回流到厌氧生物滤池进行反硝化生物脱氮,经过生产运行的实践证明:改进后的出水水质稳定,TN(总氮)去除率由原来的13.2%提高到54.6%,同时COD、BOD5、SS的去除率也分别由原来的83%、92.1%、89.2%提高到85.5%、95.2%、90%,且设施改进投资及运行费用省,对提高污水脱氮效果有应用价值。     

Fenton试剂催化氧化--混凝法处理焦化废水的实验研究

用Fenton试剂结合自制聚硅硫酸铝对焦化废水进行了催化氧化—混凝试验研究 ,选择了最佳的工作条件。结果表明 ,经氧化—混凝处理后废水的COD从 1 1 73mg/L降至 38.2mg/L ,去除率达 96 .7%。研究中还发现 ,Fenton试剂具有将废水的 pH值调节为 2 .5～ 3的特性 ,为该工艺实际处理焦化废水提供了科学依据     

UV/H2O2降解水中2,4-二氯酚实验研究

研究溶液浊度、pH值及不同光源等因素对 2 ,4 二氯酚降解的影响 ,确定了UV/H2 O2 光氧化降解 2 ,4 二氯酚反应器的水质适用范围 (浊度小于 6NTU)。在 30W的紫外光照射下 ,2 0mg/L 2 ,4 二氯酚 ,H2 O2 的投加剂量为 1 .2 8mg/L时 ,90min内 2 ,4 二氯酚去除率可达到 95 % .实验证明UV/H2 O2 光氧化技术是低浊度水深度处理的一种有效方法 .     

水样中镉镍的两次双波长分光光度法测定

研究采用两次双波长分光光度法 ,一次采用双峰双波长法 ,一次采用系数补偿法同时测定水样中的镉和镍。实验结果表明 ,以 5 Br PADAP为显色剂 ,镉和镍的最大吸收峰分别为 544 .8nm和 559.2nm ,最小吸收峰均为 430nm ;镉镍的线性范围为 1～ 1 6μg/ 2 5mL。此法的灵敏度同单波长法相比有明显的提高 ,应用于合成和电镀水样中的镉镍的测定 ,均得到了满意的结果。     

亚铁活化过硫酸钠氧化预处理电镀废水

针对电镀生产过程产生的难降解、高浓度的有机废水,采用Fe~(2+)活化过硫酸钠产生硫酸根自由基的高级氧化技术对其进行预处理。重点探讨了S_2O_8~(2-)投加量、n(Fe~(2+))∶n(S_2O_8~(2-))、废水pH等因素对有机物去除及废水可生化性的影响。实验结果表明,常温下,在S_2O_8~(2-)投加量为4.0 g/L、n(Fe~(2+))∶n(S_2O_8~(2-))为1.00、废水pH为7.0的条件下,废水的处理效果最佳,反应20 min后COD去除率可达70%,BOD_5/COD从原水的0.21升至0.40,废水的可生化性大幅提高,能够满足深度生化处理的要求。     

A COST‐BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF WATER QUALITY PROTECTION IN THE CATAWBA BASIN1

ABSTRACT: The primary objective of this study was to perform a cost‐benefit analysis of maintaining the current level of water quality in the Catawba River basin. Economic benefits were estimated using a stated preference survey method designed to value respondents' willingness to pay for a management plan to protect water quality in the Catawba basin over time. From the surveys conducted with 1,085 area residents, we calculated an annual mean willingness to pay of $139 for the management plan, or more than $75.4 million for all taxpayers in the area. Over the five‐year time horizon in which respondents were asked to pay for the management plan, this resulted in a total economic benefit of $340.1 million. The Watershed Analysis Risk Management Framework model was used to estimate the amount of management activities needed to protect the current level of water quality in the basin over time. Based on the model results, the total cost of the management plan was calculated to be $244.8 million over a ten‐year period. The resulting cost‐benefit analysis indicated that the potential benefits of this management plan would outweigh the costs by more than $95 million.     

Evaluation of activated sludge properties’ changes in industrial-wastewater pre-treatment: role of residual aluminum hydrolyzed species with different polymerization degree

● Medium poly Al salts dominated the PAC residual salts with a rational dosage. ● Settlement flocculation effect under medium poly Al salts showed a better trend. ● Complex of medium poly Al salts and enzymes promoted cell activity. ● Medium poly Al salts were beneficial to the effluent indexes. With the widespread introduction of pre-coagulation prior to the biological unit in various industrial wastewater treatments, it is noteworthy that long-term accumulation of residual coagulants has certains effect on both micro and macro characteristics of activated sludge (AS). In this study, the morphology distributions of residual aluminum salts (RAS) and their effects on the removal efficiency of AS were investigated under different PAC concentrations. The results showed that the dominance of medium polymeric RAS, formed under an appropriate PAC dose of 20 mg/L enhanced the hydrophobicity, flocculation, and sedimentation performances of AS, as well as the enzymatic activity in cells in the sludge system, improving the main pollutants removal efficiency of the treatment system. Comparatively the species composition with monomer and dimer / high polymer RAS as the overwhelming parts under an over-dosed PAC concentration of 55 mg/L resulted in excessive secretion of EPS with loose flocs structure and conspicuous inhibition of cellular activity, leading to the deterioration of physico-chemical and biological properties of AS. Based on these findings, this study can shed light on the role of the RAS hydrolyzed species distributions, closely relevant to Al dosage, in affecting the comprehensive properties of AS and provide a theoretical reference for coagulants dosage precise control in the pretreatment of industrial wastewater.