水解酸化-好氧法处理油田废水机理研究

采用水解酸化-好氧法对经物化预处理的油田废水进行试验研究.当进水COD为190～220 mg·L^-1时,水解酸化段和好氧段停留时间均为10h的条件下,出水COD为65～75 mg·L^-1,达到GB3550-83第一级Ⅰ类标准.运用GC/MS技术分析油田废水有机污染物在工艺流程中相对组分变化的规律,揭示了水解酸化-好氧法处理油田废水过程中的污染物迁移和降解规律.并运用PCR-DGGE技术,考察不同生物反应器内微生物种群及其分布特征,初步确定水解酸化和好氧反应器内的优势菌种.     

Isomeric analysis of PCDD/PCDF in waste incinerator fly ash by GC-MS/MS

The development of an analytical method for the analysis of PCDD/PCDF in flyash using a bench analytical system comprising of a gas chromatograph fitted with an ion trap detector operated in the tandem MS mode is described. The optimum settings for the most important MS/MS parameters are given, including those for the less reported mono- to tri-chlorinated dioxin and furan congener groups. Flyash samples from three waste incineration plants representing a decommissioned 1970s plant design, an upgraded and still operating plant originally designed in the 1970s, and a modern 1990s design operating plant have been analysed for PCDD/PCDF. The flyash samples were analysed for PCDD/PCDF using the methods developed and the total PCDD/PCDF, I-TEQ values and isomeric profiles are reported. The flyash from the older decommissioned incinerator had very significantly higher concentrations of PCDD/PCDF compared to the modern incinerator flyash.     

Determination and distribution characteristics of degradation products of nonylphenol polyethoxylates in the rivers of Taiwan

Concentrations of degradation products of nonylphenol polyethoxylates (NPEOs) were analyzed in river water samples in order to determine the distribution characteristic of these alkylphenolic compounds in 18 major rivers of Taiwan. The degradation products of NPEOs were detected in all river samples, with the dicarboxylates alkylphenolic degradation products (CAPEC) being detected most frequently and at the highest concentrations. Concentrations of NP and NP1EO in rivers ranged from n.d. to 5.1 μg l⁻¹ and n.d. to 0.5 μg l⁻¹, respectively. The total concentrations of shortened carboxylates (i.e., NP1EC + NP2EC + NP3EC) and dicarboxylates alkylphenolic degradation products (CAP1EC + CAP2EC) ranged from n.d. to 63.6 μg l⁻¹ and n.d. to 94.6 μg l⁻¹, respectively. Concentrations of NP2EC, NP3EC and all CAPEC residues were determined semi-quantitatively by comparing with the internal standard. Significantly higher concentrations of CAPEC residues were detected in the river waters as compared to those of NP, NP1EO and NPEC degradation products and the average proportions of these compounds in the samples of the rivers were as follows: NP + NP1EO was 5 ± 2.5%, total NPEC was 25 ± 12%, and total CAPEC was 70 ± 12%. The high concentration ratios of CAPEC/NPEC illustrate that aerobic biodegradation plays a main route in the fate of NPEO in the rivers of Taiwan.     

GC／MS对一起死鱼事故的监测分析

利用ＧＣ／ＭＳ对一起死鱼事故中的鱼塘水样，鱼肉样进行了监测，检出的６个化合物均与某化工厂的原料，产品，中间体及其衍生物相吻合，迅速判定了污染事故的责任者。     

固相微萃取-毛细管气相色谱法快速分析水中酚类化合物

固相微萃取是一种快速、简便、集萃取浓缩进样于一体的样品前处理技术,具有分析时间短、灵敏度高、无需有机溶剂的优点.本工作用固相微萃取富集水中酚类化合物,毛细管气相色谱分离分析,整个分析过程只需45min,检出限可达1.0～10.0μg/L,已用于地面水、海水、工厂废水中酚类化合物含量的测定.     

杭州市居室空气中芳香族化合物污染现状及其来源解析

用热解吸/气质联用技术研究了杭州市居室空气中芳香族化合物的组成。结果表明,杭州市居室空气中共存在60种芳香族化合物,其中苯系化合物48种,非苯芳香族化合物12种,检出率大于50%的23种;苯、甲苯、乙苯、苯乙烯、邻二甲苯、间(对)-二甲苯等10种化合物的总含量之和大于85.39%,是室内空气中主要的芳香族污染物,除萘外,其他22种污染物的平均浓度值均随装修时间间隔延长而降低;污染物主要来源是室内装修过程中使用的或装修材料中残留的有机溶剂、机动车辆排放的尾气、居民家庭中常用的清洁用品及含萘等成分的防蛀剂。     

城市河流,湖库中痕量有机污染物的测试方法

采用ＧＤＸ－５０２大孔树脂和ＧＣ－ＭＳ等仪器对城市河流，湖库中的痕量有机污染物进行测试分析，共检出５８种有机污染物，其中含有多种美国ＥＰＡ公布的重点污染物。因而为痕量有机污染物的研究建立了灵敏度高，分辨率好的测试方法。     

柴油机排放颗粒物组成分析

采用过滤分离、超声洗脱和气质联用等技术,实验测定了柴油机尾气中碳烟颗粒物的质量含量、可溶性有机组分在颗粒物中的质量分数和可溶性有机组分的化学组成。在实验条件下,柴油机尾气中碳烟颗粒物的质量含量为32·6~143·6mg/m3。可溶性有机组分在颗粒物中的质量分数为18·5%~89·4%。可溶性有机组分中检测出有机物100多种,已确定化学结构的有机物73种,其中直链和支链烷烃含量占81·22%,芳烃类化合物17·94%。     

气相色谱法测定环境空气和废气中乙酸

以蒸馏水吸收环境空气或工业废气中的乙酸,用5%PEG20M+0 5%H3PO4ChromosorbHP80目～100目、2m×2mm玻璃填充柱分离,氢火焰离子化检测器检测,样品直接进气相色谱仪测定。方法最低检出质量浓度为0 16mg/m3,相对标准差为2%～5%,加标回收率在85%～106%之间。方法操作简便、快速。     

柳州市大气颗粒物中多环芳烃的种类和时空分布特征及来源

采用气相色谱/质谱联用技术(GC/MS)检测了柳州市大气颗粒物样品中的PAHs,比较了柳州市各区大气颗粒物中多环芳烃含量的差异以及不同季节对多环芳烃含量的影响,讨论了其分布规律及污染源.