顶空/气相色谱法测定土壤中挥发性芳烃

采用顶空/气相色谱法(HS/GC)对土壤中挥发性芳烃顶空前处理条件、气相色谱分离、定性和定量分析条件进行了研究,优化了土壤中挥发性芳烃分析的项空前处理条件和气相色谱分离条件,分析了方法的检出限、精密度及回收率等质量控制参数.在最佳条件下,方法检出限大多数小于2.0 μ/kg(以2 g样品计),精密度小于15%,回收率为90%～110%之间.     

色谱分离工作条件的优化原则

气相色谱分离工作中,条件的设定至关重要,分析了载气及其流速、进样量和进样时间、柱温、进样器温度、检测器温度等因素对分离的影响,确定了在色谱分离中这些条件的设定原则。     

水源水中有机污染物的研究

应用ＧＣ和ＧＣ／ＭＳ技术对北江潭洲水道水体中的有机物进行了初步的研究，共检出半挥发性和非挥发性有机污染物１８３种，其类别有烷烃，烯烃，芳烃，酚类，醇类，酮类，酯类，酸类和其它一些杂环化合物，研究结果表明北江潭洲水道水体受到了石油类，生活污水，塑料增塑剂和工厂排放污水等的污染。     

汉江、东湖水中非挥发性有机物比较研究

应用大孔树脂吸附浓集水中有机物的技术,结合色谱 质谱(GC/MS)联机分析方法,对武汉汉江、东湖水源水及其所制成的自来水中非挥发性有机物的化学组分进行了比较研究。结果表明,GC/MS联机分析分别鉴定出汉江、东湖水源水及其自来水中的非挥发性有机物中含有邻苯二甲酸酯(酞酸酯)等30和20余种化合物。     

Tissue distribution of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) and non-ortho chlorinated biphenyls (non-ortho CBs) in harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) from Swedish waters

Polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) and non-ortho chlorinated biphenyls (non-ortho CBs) were analysed in blubber, nuchal fat, liver, muscle, kidney and brain of three male harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) from the west coast of Sweden. To estimate spatial variation, PCNs and non-ortho CBs were analysed in six blubber samples collected at different anatomical sites of each animal. Highest wet weight concentrations of ΣPCNs were detected in the lipid rich tissues (blubber and nuchal fat) and liver (520–730 and 520 pg/g, respectively) and lowest in brain (22 pg/g). TetraCNs were most abundant in muscle, kidney and brain, while the hexaCNs were most abundant in the lipid rich tissues and liver. The highest lipid weight concentration recorded (11 ng/g) was for the hexaCN congeners no. 66/67 in liver. These coeluting hexaCN congeners accounted for 80–100% of total hexaCNs in all tissues examined.

Concentrations of Σnon-ortho CBs were highest in lipid rich tissues (220–280 pg/g wet weight). Non-ortho CB no. 77 and 169 constituted between 62–86% and 4.9–9.3%, respectively, of total Σnon-ortho CBs. No major variation of Σnon-ortho CB concentrations was found between the six different blubber sites but higher ΣPCN concentrations (wet weight) were found dorsally at the peduncle. Toxic equivalent concentrations (TEQs) showed that non-ortho CB no. 126 was the main contributor to total TEQs in all tissues, except liver in which hexaCN congener nos. 66/67 contributed to about 50% of total TEQs.     

水解酸化-缺氧法处理采油废水的污染物迁移降解试验研究

水解酸化-缺氧法对采油废水有较好的处理效果,采用GC/MS技术对水解酸化-缺氧法处理采油废水过程中污染物的迁移降解进行的研究表明:水解酸化段和缺氧段对采油废水中碳原子为C6～C9、分子量为100～140的有机物均有较好的降解能力.其中,在水解酸化段中酮类、芳烃得到较好的降解,缺氧段中酚类和醚类化合物降解明显.水解酸化-缺氧工艺对于采油废水中的甲苯和二甲苯具有较好的降解能力.     

MAXIMIZING THE VALUE OF INFORMATION FOR GROUND WATER PROTECTION: THREE TEST CASES1

ABSTRACT: Public awareness of the importance of protecting the nation's water supplies is growing. Recent studies have shown a substantial increase in the perceived value of protecting water supplies for future use. In the Northeast, much of the water supply comes from ground water. This paper examines three test cases, each with different approaches for using geographic information systems (GIS) for ground water protection planning. In Wellfleet, Massachusetts, build-out scenarios were used to support regulatory and land acquisition decisions for siting a public water supply well. In Hadley, Massachusetts, the focus was on a decision support model for septic suitability assessment in support of regulatory efforts and infrastructure expansion. For Cortland County, New York, an interactive graphic user interface was created to facilitate the manipulation and recombination of a large volume of data by county officials to target ground water pollution prevention efforts. As personal computers become more powerful and inexpensive, and GIS data become more readily available, community and county governments are turning to GIS as a tool for developing comprehensive resource protection plans. Once appropriate data are input, a GIS can effectively and efficiently be used to derive outcomes of various land use plans and regulations.     

光致抗蚀剂乳化废水中有机物GC/MS分析

采用色谱－质谱（GC／MS）联用分析仪分析了电子工业光致抗蚀剂乳化废水中的有机化合物成份，测定了该废水中各种有机污染物的含量。分析结果表明：电子工业中光致抗蚀剂乳化废水的主要成份为有机酸类、醛类、酯类、胺类、芳香酮类、酸酐类、砜类、聚醚类、醇类、芳香烃类、杂环类十一大类有机化合物，其中聚丙二醇类、脂肪酸类、丁烯酸类、苯甲酸类、苯甲酸胺、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚类和噻吩类约占总有机碳含量的95％以上。有机污染物的分析测定对此类废水的处理工艺的研究具有重要的指导作用。     

鳊肌肉中有机磷农药GPC净化条件的选择

为了确定鳊肌肉中乐果、甲基对硫磷、马拉硫磷3种有机磷农药GPC(凝胶渗透色谱)的最佳净化条件,运用“完全随机设计2因素折因设计”编辑不同的GPC单浓缩方法,通过气相色谱仪测定浓缩后农药溶液的浓度.比较样品浓度的标准偏差来确定GPC和气相色谱的精密度.比较有机磷农药加标回收率,用SPSS 16.0统计软件中的广义线性模型进行方差分析,确定适宜浓缩条件.通过持续分段收集法确定有机磷农药的适宜收集时间.采用确定的适宜收集时间和单浓缩条件对鳊肌肉中提取的有机磷农药进行净化.结果表明,在0.01～ 1.0 mg/L范围内3种农药组分含量与峰面积呈线性相关(相关系数为0.997～0.998).乐果、甲基对硫磷、马拉硫磷的定性检出限分别为7.27 ng/ks、7.15 ng/kg、7.15 ng/ks,定量检出限分别为40.3ng/kg、37.3 ng/kg、38.0ng/kg.GPC净化的适宜条件:以环己烷:乙酸乙酯=1:1(体积比)为溶剂;柱流速为5.0 mL/min;定量进样环进样量为5.0 mL;除杂质时间为1 080s,收集目标物时间为480 s,洗柱时间为300 s;浓缩温度为40℃;第1阶段真空泵压力为18 000 Pa或19000Pa,第2阶段真空泵压力为20 000 Pa或21 000 Pa.适宜净化条件下乐果、甲基对硫磷、马拉硫磷的回收率为83.59％～ 95.19％.在气相色谱仪和GPC精密度较好、标准工作曲线良好的情况下,确定了GPC对鳊肌肉中3种有机磷农药的适宜净化条件,回收率较好,检出限低于国家标准,符合淡水鱼类中有机磷农药的检测要求.     

On-line CO, CO2 emissions evaluation and (benzene, toluene, xylene) determination from experimental burn of tropical biomass

Atmospheric pollution and global warming issues are increasingly becoming major environmental concerns. Fire is one of the significant sources of pollutant gases released into the atmosphere; and tropical biomass fires, which are of particular interest in this study, contribute greatly to the global budget of CO and CO₂. This pioneer research simulates the natural biomass burning strategy in Malaysia using an experimental burning facility. The investigation was conducted on the emissions (CO₂, CO, and Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, Xylenes (BTEX)) from ten tropical biomass species. The selected species represent the major tropical forests that are frequently subjected to dry forest fire incidents. An experimental burning facility equipped with an on-line gas analyzer was employed to determine the burning emissions. The major emission factors were found to vary among the species, and the specific results were as follows. The moisture content of a particular biomass greatly influenced its emission pattern. The smoke analysis results revealed the existence of BTEX, which were sampled from a combustion chamber by enrichment traps aided with a universal gas sampler. The BTEX were determined by organic solvent extraction followed by GC/MS quantification, the results of which suggested that the biomass burning emission factor contributed significant amounts of benzene, toluene, and m,p-xylene. The modified combustion efficiency (MCE) changed in response to changes in the sample moisture content. Therefore, this study concluded that the emission of some pollutants mainly depends on the burning phase and sample moisture content of the biomass.