Pollution of surface waters with pesticides in Germany: modeling non-point source inputs

Pesticide pollution of surface waters represents a considerable hazard for the aquatic environment. However, the mean amount of pesticides reaching the water resources varies considerably between regions and depends highly upon application rates, chemical characteristics of pesticides and natural conditions during application. In this study a model was developed which estimates loss of 42 active ingredients applied to 11 field crops, vineyards and orchards along each non-point source path of entry (subsurface drains, runoff and spray drift). A spatially and temporally differentiated data set of application rates and periods was compiled for each active ingredient and target culture to enable the modeling of pesticide transport. The model results are provided in digital raster format (100 m×100 m) within a geographic information system (GIS). The calculated pesticide loads in surface waters were compared with measured loads from different catchments in Germany. Both data sets agreed as to the order of magnitude, nevertheless due to the scale of the study the estimated loads cannot be interpreted as absolute values and only differences between active ingredients, regions and application periods should be assessed.     

城市道路交通噪声评价方法研究进展

在分析城市道路交通噪声现状的主要危害的基础上，较全面介绍了国内外城市道路交通噪声评价方法的最新进展。继而分析了评价方面存在的问题，并讨论了这一环境声学领域未来发展方向。     

辽宁省地表水监测地理信息系统的开发与设计

按辽宁省水污染治理项目进行地表水监测地理信息系统的设计与开发 ,使系统具有面向多用户 ,业务功能完善和多种类型数据管理的目标。设计以ARC/INFOR为平台 ,DELPHI为开发工具 ,采用面向对象的开发方法 ,采用CLIENT/SEVER为体系结构对系统进行开发和设计。主要介绍系统构成以及系统功能     

GIS技术在环境影响评价中的应用

在对GIS系统的组成及主要功能进行介绍的基础上,综合性地阐述了GIS技术在环境影响评价中的应用。GIS技术可对环境影响进行模拟和预测,在环境影响评价中可对环境因素的确立、环境质量的描述和预测进行分析,并为环境政策的制定提供科学依据。     

基于GIS的县级环境管理信息系统设计

以嘉善县为例 ,探讨了建立基于GIS的县级环境管理信息系统的一般过程 ,介绍了系统总体设计目标、网络结构以及空间数据库和功能模块的设计方案     

建立中国二氧化硫排放清单体系的方法学研究

重点研究基于能源消费活动建立国家二氧化硫排放清单体系的方法。通过对1990年的269个、1995年的381个大点源二氧化硫排放情况及同年面源排放情况的专项数据调查，结合所展示的方法学研究，将二氧化硫排放从省级水平细化至县级水平，并利用地理信息系统描绘出中国2137个县和县级市的二氧化硫排放水平及其分布情况。     

地理信息系统（GIS）在城市生活垃圾管理中的应用

近年来，地理信息系统(geographic information system)取得了飞速的发展，广泛应用于许多领域的数据管理和决策支持，而我国的起步稍晚，目前的使用还十分有限。初步阐述地理信息系统在城市生活垃圾管理中的应用，并以大量的事实说明地理信息系统是非常有效的管理决策工具。     

“引黄入淀”工程对区域水土资源影响预测──献县至白洋淀区段

通过系统分析,利用水动力学模拟等方法,借助地理信息系统技术建立了大型水利工程对区域水土资源影响预测模型,并初步应用于＂引黄入淀＂工程献县至白洋淀区域水土资源动态预测。结果表明,这种预测是可行的,其预测精度主要取决于参数选取和相关问题的概化。     

Study on the oasis corridor landcape in the arid regions based on RS and GIS methods—application of Jinta Oasis,China

The study on the oasis corridor landscape is a new hotspot in the ecological environment research in the arid regions.In oasis,main corridor landscape types include river,ditch ,shelterbelt and road.This paper introduces the basic ecological effects of the corridor landscape on the transporting mass and energy and obstructing desert landscape expansion and incursion.Using Geographic Information System(GIS),we have researched the corridor distribution and its spatial relationship with other landscape types in the Jinta Oasis.Based on the dynamically monitoring on the landscape pattern change of the Jinta Oasis during the latter 10 years by using Remote Sensing(RS) and GIS,the driving functions of the corridors on this change have been analyzed in detail.The analysis results showed that all kinds of corridors‘ characteristics can be quantified by the indexes such as length and width ,ratio of perimeter and area,density and non-heterogeneity.The total corridor length of Jinta Oasis is 1838.5km and its density is 2.1km/km^2.The corridor density of the irrigation land.forest and resident area is maximal,which shows that affection degree of the oasis corridors on them is the most.The improvment of the corridors quality is one of the important driving factors on the irrigation land and so on.The organic combination of the RS and GIS technologies and landscape research methods would be an effective means for the corridor landscape research on arid region oasis.     

图形叠置法在铁路噪声环境影响评价中的应用研究

采用图形叠置法评价铁路线路对周围环境的噪声影响，用噪声综合影响面积来反映影响大小，对各种线路方案噪声影响程度进行排序。所得结论应用到铁路线路的方案比选过程中，有助于选择出对环境噪声影响“最小”的方案，实现铁路建设和环境保护相协调的目标。评价中引入地理信息系统，充分利用其空间分析和处理属性数据的功能，大大提高了工作的效率和结论的准确程度。