稳定代谢葡萄糖和木糖产乙醇的重组酿酒酵母工程菌初步构建

分别克隆了休哈塔假丝酵母(Candida shehatae)的木糖还原酶基因XYL1和热带假丝酵母(Candida tropicalis)的木糖醇脱氢酶基因XYL2,构建出重组表达质粒pACT2-xy11和pDR195-xy12,并使其分别转化酿酒酵母受体细胞.酶活测定结果显示,转化子中木糖还原酶和木糖醇脱氢酶均在宿主菌中得到活性表达.并将这两个基因连同各自重组表达质粒上的表达元件进行了克隆,进而构建出重组酵母染色体整合质粒YIp5.kanR-x12,以期今后通过同源重组的原理将上述基因整合到发酵性能良好的酿酒酵母基因组中,得到稳定代谢葡萄糖和木糖产乙醇的重组酵母菌株.图3表1参15     

QuickPanel在油浆过滤自动控制系统中的应用研究

阐述了油浆过滤控制系统的硬件配置、分程控制及顺序控制等．通过控制系统的控制,过滤器A、B轮流进行过滤、再生步骤,将油品内51μm以上的颗粒过滤掉,达到提高油品质量、延迟装置检维修期的目标．图1,参5．     

基于rpoC1基因的微囊藻属分子系统学研究

测定了广东省9个水库4株铜绿微囊藻Microcystis aeruginosa、5株水华微囊藻M.flos-aquae和4株未定种微囊藻rpoC1基因部分序列,结合GenBank下载的日本5个水体11株铜绿微囊藻、5株绿色微囊藻M.viridis和5株惠氏微囊藻M.wesenbergii间源序列,进行序列分析.结果显示,34株微囊藻存在21种基因型,序列相似性达97.6%～100%.在邻接树上不同形态种和不同地理来源的藻株混杂在一起,没有形成明显的谱系结构和地理结构:同一形态种藻株可能具有不同的基因型,而相同基因型的藻株可能是不同的形态种;从同一水体中分离的微囊藻具有不同的形态种和不同的基因型,而不同水体分离的微囊藻有时又具有相同基因型,表明rpoC1基因序列无法区分形态种和地理株,支持Kondo和Otsuka提出的暂将铜绿微囊藻、水华微囊藻、惠氏微囊藻和绿色微囊藻等归为铜绿微囊藻复合种的分类处理.     

地震应急预案数字化关键技术研究

地震应急预案是地震应急救援的重要组成部分,是对突发地震灾害应急响应和全程管理的操作指南。阐述了地震应急预案在地震应急中的作用和使用现状,指出了数字化地震应急预案的意义。从地震应急预案的形式化描述、数字化建模和地震应急预案数字化系统与其它地震应急技术系统的集成等方面探讨了地震应急预案数字化的关键技术。     

基于DEA的海外石油钻探项目HSE管理能力评价

基于课题组对大庆工程钻探公司349份有效问卷的样本数据,采用因子分析法对各指标进行筛选和验证;构建了海外石油钻探项目HSE管理能力评级指标体系和海外石油钻探项目HSE管理能力评价模型;采用DEA法分别对三个维度下不同地区的石油钻探项目HSE管理能力进行了分析,并运用DEA交叉法对不同项目的 HSE管理能力进行了比较分析。研究表明:海外石油钻探项目HSE管理能力中健康管理能力最强,环境管理能力最弱;海外不同国别的项目HSE管理能力差异明显。最后,提出了提升海外石油钻探项目HSE管理能力的对策建议。     

应用灰色模糊马尔科夫链预测海河水质变化趋势

灰色GM(1,1)模型在水质预测中得到了较为广泛的运用,但其存在灰色偏差与抗干扰能力弱的局限性,针对这一问题,将马尔科夫链理论与模糊集合理论引入灰色GM(1,1)预测模型,并应用该模型对海河三岔口断面的DO、CODMn和NH3-N 3项指标2012~2016年的浓度变化趋势进行预测.结果表明,2004~2016年,DO及NH3-N浓度大致呈上升趋势,预计2016年分别可达9.15,1.47mg/L;CODMn浓度呈下降趋势,预计2016年可达3.91mg/L.以2012年的数据做验证,灰色模糊马尔科夫链模型的预测精度最高,可作为科学的水质预测方法.     

牛粪堆肥过程中水溶性有机物演化的光谱学研究

采用紫外-可见吸收光谱、1H-核磁共振(NMR)和同步荧光光谱,研究了牛粪堆肥水溶性有机物(DOM)的结构特征及其演化规律.紫外-可见吸收光谱分析显示,SUVA254由堆肥起始的1.161上升至堆肥结束的2.543;E465/E665在整个堆肥过程中呈现上升趋势,变化范围在2.333~3.500;260~280,460~480,600~700nm范围内的面积积分A1、A2和A3均呈现出先增大后减小的趋势,峰值分别出现在26,14, 14d.1H-NMR分析显示,堆肥0d到堆肥41d,0.5~3.1δ面积积分所占比例从43.06%下降至8.63%,3.1~5.5δ从56.07%上升至89.68%,5.5~10δ不足总体的6%且变化趋势不明显.同步荧光光谱结果显示,经过41d 的堆肥,蛋白质类物质区积分面积比例(APLR)由0.331下降到0.252,而富里酸类物质区积分面积比例(AFLR)由0.325增加到0.336,同时胡敏酸类物质区积分面积比例(AHLR)由0.344增加到0.412;AFLR/APLR比与同步荧光光谱3个荧光峰峰高存在显著相关性,AHLR/AFLR与两个荧光峰光强的比值I351/I284和I382/I351存在显著相关性.上述结果表明,随着堆肥进行, DOM中的非腐殖质物质转化为类腐殖质,同时其芳香性结构增多,碳链结构发生氧化反应,分子量从小变大,堆肥腐殖化程度加大,稳定度增加.     

Occupancy Patterns of Regionally Declining Grassland Sparrow Populations in a Forested Pennsylvania Landscape

Organisms can be affected by processes in the surrounding landscape outside the boundary of habitat areas and by local vegetation characteristics. There is substantial interest in understanding how these processes affect populations of grassland birds, which have experienced substantial population declines. Much of our knowledge regarding patterns of occupancy and density stem from prairie systems, whereas relatively little is known regarding how occurrence and abundance of grassland birds vary in reclaimed surface mine grasslands. Using distance sampling and single‐season occupancy models, we investigated how the occupancy probability of Grasshopper (Ammodramus savannarum) and Henslow's Sparrows (A. henslowii) on 61 surface mine grasslands (1591 ha) in Pennsylvania changed from 2002 through 2011 in response to landscape, grassland, and local vegetation characteristics . A subset (n = 23; 784 ha) of those grasslands were surveyed in 2002, and we estimated changes in sparrow density and vegetation across 10 years. Grasshopper and Henslow's Sparrow populations declined 72% and 49%, respectively from 2002 to 2011, whereas overall woody vegetation density increased 2.6 fold. Henslow's Sparrows avoided grasslands with perimeter–area ratios ≥0.141 km/ha and woody shrub densities ≥0.04 shrubs/m². Both species occupied grasslands ≤13 ha, but occupancy probability declined with increasing grassland perimeter–area ratio and woody shrub density. Grassland size, proximity to nearest neighboring grassland ( = 0.2 km), and surrounding landscape composition at 0.5, 1.5, and 3.0 km were not parsimonious predictors of occupancy probability for either species. Our results suggest that reclaimed surface mine grasslands, without management intervention, are ephemeral habitats for Grasshopper and Henslow's Sparrows. Given the forecasted decline in surface coal production for Pennsylvania, it is likely that both species will continue to decline in our study region for the foreseeable future. Patrones de Ocupación de Poblaciones Regionalmente Declinantes de Gorriones de Pastizales en un Paisaje Boscoso de Pennsylvania     

Shift in Trophic Level of Mediterranean Mariculture Species

The mean trophic level of the farmed fish species in the Mediterranean has been increasing. We examined the farming‐up hypothesis (i.e., the increase in the production of high‐trophic‐level species) in the Mediterranean by determining the trophic level of the aquafeeds (i.e., what the fish are fed) of 5 species of farmed marine fishes: common dentex (Dentex dentex), common pandora (Pagellus erythrinus), European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax), gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), and red porgy (Pagrus sp.). The mean trophic level of aquafeed used in mariculture from 1950 to 2011 was higher (3.93) than the prey farmed fish consume in the wild (3.72) and increased at a faster rate (0.48/decade) compared with that based on their diets in the wild (0.43/decade). Future expected replacement of the fishmeal and oil in aquafeeds by plant materials may reverse the farming‐up trend, although there are a number of concerns regarding operational, nutritional, environmental, and economic issues. The farming‐up reversal can be achieved in an ecologically friendly manner by facilitating the mariculture of low‐trophic‐level fishes and by promoting high efficiency in the use of living marine resources in aquafeeds. Cambios en el Nivel Trófico de las Especies de Maricultura Mediterránea     

促进植物生长根圈细菌(PGPR)的研究现状

有机农业提倡与自然共存不破坏平衡,而自然界的土壤中存在许多可促进植物生长的植物根圈微生物(plant growth promoting rhizobacteria,PGPR),此类微生物可分泌促进植物生长的物质,并可诱导植物产生抗性基因,增强植物抗病.PGPR可产生有机物质促进植物生长,改善土壤肥力,增加可溶性磷及铁,诱发植物抗病、克服逆境、增强营养吸收,固氮或防治病害等,在有机农业上有助于植物增产,改善农业对化学肥料的依赖,生产出健康的作物.参25.