Ecophysiological Competence of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Populus alba</Emphasis> L., <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fraxinus angustifolia</Emphasis> Vahl., and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Crataegus monogyna</Emphasis> Jacq. Used in Plantations for the Recovery of Riparian Vegetation

In many semi-arid environments of Mediterranean ecosystems, white poplar (Populus alba L.) is the dominant riparian tree and has been used to recover degraded areas, together with other native species, such as ash (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl.) and hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna Jacq.). We addressed three main objectives: (1) to gain an improved understanding of some specific relationships between environmental parameters and leaf-level physiological factors in these riparian forest species, (2) to compare the leaf-level physiology of these riparian species to each other, and (3) to compare leaf-level responses within native riparian plots to adjacent restoration plots, in order to evaluate the competence of the plants used for the recovery of those degraded areas. We found significant differences in physiological performance between mature and young white poplars in the natural stand and among planted species. The net assimilation and transpiration rates, diameter, and height of white poplar plants were superior to those of ash and hawthorn. Ash and hawthorn showed higher water use efficiency than white poplar. White poplar also showed higher levels of stomatal conductance, behaving as a fast-growing, water-consuming species with a more active gas exchange and ecophysiological competence than the other species used for restoration purposes. In the restoration zones, the planted white poplars had higher rates of net assimilation and water use efficiency than the mature trees in the natural stand. We propose the use of white poplar for the rapid restoration of riparian vegetation in semi-arid Mediterranean environments. Ash and hawthorn can also play a role as accompanying species for the purpose of biodiversity.     

垃圾填埋场不同产气模型大气环境影响评价内容的讨论

以敦煌市城市生活垃圾处理场为例,分别用Scholl Canyon模型、Mgmemcon模型和IPCC推荐的一阶衰减模型(FOD)估算填埋垃圾在运营期及封场后的产气量,对比分析3种模型估算出填埋气在不同时期的产气规律,并据此进行大气环境影响评价,探讨不同产气模型的估算结果在大气环境评价等级、评价内容、大气环境质量现状监测要求和环境影响的范围及程度等方面的差异。结果表明Mgmemcon模型估算的年最大产气量最小,与其它两种方法差异较大;Scholl Canyon模型和FOD模型预测年最大产气量及相应年份一致。合理选择填埋气预测模型,是客观评价垃圾填埋场建设项目大气环境影响的基础,也是项目建设具备环境可行性的重要依据。     

双柱双ECD检测器-气相色谱法测定水中的灭蚁灵

采用液液萃法取提取水中的灭蚁灵,经浓硫酸净化,用双柱双ECD检测器-气相色谱法进行测定。当取样体积为100ml时,ECD1(色谱柱DB-35ms)和ECD2(色谱柱HP-5)的检出限分别为0.051μg/L和0.038μg/L,六组水样加标回收率为81.6%和78.4%,相对标准偏差3.74%和2.32%。该方法一次进样可得到两组数据来进行灭蚁灵的定性和定量分析,排除了假阳性产生的可能性,因此定性更准确、定量更精确。     

气相色谱法测定气体中挥发性卤代烃的研究进展

简述了国内外监测分析方法中运用气相色谱法检测气体中挥发性卤代烃在采样方法、检测器、检测范围和目标化合物等方面的区别,给出高温高湿条件下污染源废气的样品采集方法。针对污染样品和车间空气样品应使用FID检测器,环境空气样品应使用ECD检测器,同时进一步提出应尽早制定污染源排气中挥发性卤代烃的检测标准方法。     

被动采样/热脱附/GC-MS法测定环境空气中挥发性有机物暴露量

建立了吸附管被动采样-热脱附解吸气相色谱质谱联用测定环境空气中挥发性有机物暴露量的采样、分析方法。14种挥发性有机物的检出限为0.002~0.005 ng/h。该法采样无需动力,具有简单、方便、灵敏度高等特点,可广泛应用于环境气体的监测。     

铁岭市加油站油气排放控制对策探讨

现今汽车保有量的快速增长,对成品油的需求不断扩大。加油站虽为大家提供了便利,但其卸油、储油、加油时油气的排放会严重污染周围环境,危害人体健康。铁岭市积极采取油气排放控制对策。同时,针对控制对策实施过程中存在问题提出建议。     

气相与气质联用测定地表水中VOC的方法比较

在水环境保护形势趋紧、水质监测要求逐步提高的背景下,地表水中挥发性有机物测定的精确性、高效性要求也需不断提高。文章分别用国标规定的气相色谱法与美国EPA的气-质联用法对地表水环境质量标准要求监测的109项中的23种挥发性有机物进行了测定比对。结果发现:国标规定的气相色谱法测定各挥发性有机物虽能达到规定的检出限、准确度、精密度,但相对于气-质联用,国标规定的气相色谱法存在步骤繁琐、仪器设备需求量大、实验人员多、实验效率低、浪费更多实验资源等缺点。     

Photosynthesis and biochemical responses to elevated O3 in Plantago major and Sonchus oleraceus growing in a lowland habitat of northern China

A field experiment was carried out to compare the responses to ozone(O_3) in two common herbaceous plant species, Plantago major L. and Sonchus oleraceus L., by building open-top growth chambers in situ to simulate O_3stress(+ O_3, 85 ± 5 ppb, 9 hr/day for 30 days) in a lowland habitat in Inner Mongolia, Northern China. Responses to O_3 of gas exchange,chlorophyll a fluorescence, leaf pigment content, antioxidant capability, soluble protein content, membrane lipid peroxidation and dark respiration(R_d) were analyzed. Results showed that elevated O_3 exposure significantly reduced the light-saturated net photosynthesis(P_(Nsat)), stomatal conductance(g_s) and transpiration rate(E) in both species. Although non-significant interactive effect between species and O_3 on P_(Nsat) was analyzed, the reduction in P_(Nsat) in S. oleraceus might be due primarily to the higher fraction of close PSII reaction centers and impaired activities of plant mesophyll cells as evidences by decreased maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry after dark adapted state(F_v/F_m) and unchanged intercellular CO_2concentration(C_i). Besides, biochemical analysis showed that S. oleraceus had lower antioxidant ability compared to P. major. As a result, S. oleraceus was damaged to the larger extent in terms of lipid peroxidation and visible O_3 injury, indicating that S. oleraceus was more sensitive to O_3 than P. major. Our results indicated that wild herbaceous plant species growing in a lowland habitat in sandy grassland were sensitive to O_3 stress and S. oleraceus can be considered as one of the bio-indicators for high O_3 concentration in semi-arid grassland of northern China.     

An optimized two-step derivatization method for analyzing diethylene glycol ozonation products using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry

The ozonation of hydroxyl compounds(e.g., sugars and alcohols) gives a broad range of products such as alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids. This study developed and optimized a two-step derivatization procedure for analyzing polar products of aldehydes and carboxylic acids from the ozonation of diethylene glycol(DEG) in a non-aqueous environment using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Experiments based on Central Composite Design with response surface methodology were carried out to evaluate the effects of derivatization variables and their interactions on the analysis. The most desirable derivatization conditions were reported, i.e., oximation was performed at room temperature overnight with the o-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl) hydroxyl amine to analyte molar ratio of 6, silylation reaction temperature of 70°C, reaction duration of 70 min, and N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)-trifluoroacetamide volume of 12.5 μL. The applicability of this optimized procedure was verified by analyzing DEG ozonation products in an ultrafine condensation particle counter simulation system.