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181.
中国二氧化硫和氮氧化物的排放所引起的污染越来越严重,国家治理大气污染的力度逐步加大.现阶段单独脱硫脱硝的技术已经很成熟,考虑到经济高效的问题,烟气同时脱硫脱硝技术是当前烟气净化技术研究的热点之一.研究开发经济、高效、简单的烟气脱硫脱硝一体化技术十分必要和紧迫.本文介绍了几种典型烟气同时脱硫脱硝技术原理及其研究现状,分析了其原理及优缺点,对几种工艺进行了技术和经济分析.最后对脱硫脱硝一体化技术的发展前景作了展望. 相似文献
182.
分散固相萃取/高效液相色谱法测定土霉素菌渣中土霉素的残留量 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
文章拟建立一种从土霉素菌渣中提取并检测土霉素残留量的高效液相色谱法。用甲醇和冰乙酸作为提取剂提取样品,用分散固相萃取的方法净化样品,净化药剂为石墨化碳黑(GCB)和C18。通过加标回收实验,用高效液相色谱仪检测样品中土霉素含量。选用的色谱柱为PLRP-S,流动相为甲醇和0.05 mol/L草酸,两者比例为35:65(V:V)。检测波长为355 nm,柱温30℃。经检测,土霉素在0.1~2 000 mg/L范围内线性相关系数大于0.999,线性良好。1.0,4.0及8.0mg/g 3个加标水平的土霉素平均回收率范围是80.85%~109.59%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.45%~6.38%。土霉素菌渣中土霉素残留量平均为4.741 mg/g。实验表明,该方法具有简单、方便、快速、准确性强、灵敏度高的特点,可以应用于土霉素的分析检测。 相似文献
183.
184.
从大气环境、噪声与土壤环境、水环境和生态、安全与可持续4个方面构建页岩气开发环境影响指标体系,并建立基于熵权法和云模型评价法的页岩气环境影响评价模型。针对四川省某国家级页岩气示范区进行实证分析,结果表明:该地区页岩气开发环境影响处于中等程度。页岩气开发对水环境影响最大,其次是对大气环境的影响,再次是对噪声与土壤环境,对生态、安全与可持续方面影响相对最小。该模型的评价结果与页岩气开发环境影响现状相符,最后根据评价结果提出相关政策建议。 相似文献
185.
E.S. Winkler T.L Potter P.L.M. Veneman 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(6):1115-1170
Abstract Fate of the fungicide chlorothalonil (TCIN) binding to dissolved organic acid fractions was quantified using gas‐purge desorption studies. Binding studies were conducted to measure the dissolved organic carbon partition constant (KDOC) with aquatic fulvic and humic acid fractions purified from cranberry bog water. Desorption studies at DOC concentrations up to 50 mg L‐1 resulted in mean log KDOC values of 4.63 (s.d.=0.5, n=8) and 4.81 (s.d.=0.7, n=7) for fulvic and humic acids, respectively. These values deviated from reported KOC (organic carbon) values by 0.5 to 1.5 orders of magnitude. The relationship between KOC and KDOC did not conform to accepted ratios of 10: 1 to 3: 1, although these studies were conducted with the strong hydrophobic fraction of DOC. Binding was rapid suggesting hydrophobic partitioning or weak Van Der Waals forces as binding mechanisms. The strong binding potential for TCIN to aquatic humic substances corresponds to increased solubility in the aqueous system. Sorption to DOC suggests a possible transport mechanism which may result in elevated concentrations of TCIN in cranberry bog systems. 相似文献
186.
Marek Miszczyk Marlena Płonka Katarzyna Bober Alina Pyka Klaudia Pszczolińska 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(10):744-751
The aim of this study was to investigate the similarities and dissimilarities between the pesticide samples in form of emulsifiable concentrates (EC) formulation containing chlorpyrifos as active ingredient coming from different sources (i.e., shops and wholesales) and also belonging to various series. The results obtained by the Headspace Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry method and also some selected physicochemical properties of examined pesticides including pH, density, stability, active ingredient and water content in pesticides tested were compared using two chemometric methods. Applicability of simple cluster analysis and also principal component analysis of obtained data in differentiation of examined plant protection products coming from different sources was confirmed. It would be advantageous in the routine control of originality and also in the detection of counterfeit pesticides, respectively, among commercially available pesticides containing chlorpyrifos as an active ingredient. 相似文献
187.
A coupled fluid-structure-fracture approach incorporating a high-efficiency detonation modeling algorithm was proposed to study the consequences of premixed flammable gas explosion occurring in pipe. A strain-rate-dependent failure criterion which is the vital prerequisite for accurate consequences prediction was derived based on the failure mechanism of materials at high strain rates and it was applied to account for the fracture of pipe. The simulated pressure time history and fracture patterns were validated against experimental results and good agreements were acquired. The interaction between detonation wave and pipe during crack extension, dynamic fracture processes of pipes with different initial flaws, venting features of detonation products and pressure profiles out of pipe were obtained and discussed in detail. The comparison with existing semi-empirical and CFD methods was performed and it is revealed that the deformation and fracture of pipe have obvious negative influences on the peak overpressure and the rate of pressure increase out of pipe. Because the energy absorption and dissipation due to structural deformation and fracture are well taken into account, the coupled fluid-structure-fracture method is expected to provide more rational consequences prediction and analysis results. 相似文献
188.
G. Yuan D. Chen L. Yin Z. Wang L. Zhao J.Y. Wang 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2014,34(6):1045-1050
In this research a gas–liquid fluidized bed reactor was developed for removing chlorine (Cl) from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) to favor its pyrolysis treatment. In order to efficiently remove Cl within a limited time before extensive generation of hydrocarbon products, the gas–liquid fluidized bed reactor was running at 280–320 °C, where hot N2 was used as fluidizing gas to fluidize the molten polymer, letting the molten polymer contact well with N2 to release Cl in form of HCl. Experimental results showed that dechlorination efficiency is mainly temperature dependent and 300 °C is a proper reaction temperature for efficient dechlorination within a limited time duration and for prevention of extensive pyrolysis; under this temperature 99.5% of Cl removal efficiency can be obtained within reaction time around 1 min after melting is completed as the flow rate of N2 gas was set around 0.47–0.85 Nm3 kg?1 for the molten PVC. Larger N2 flow rate and additives in PVC would enhance HCl release but did not change the final dechlorination efficiency; and excessive N2 flow rate should be avoided for prevention of polymer entrainment. HCl is emitted from PVC granules or scraps at the mean time they started to melt and the melting stage should be taken into consideration when design the gas–liquid fluidized bed reactor for dechlorination. 相似文献
189.
Paul T. Williams 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2013,33(8):1714-1728
Approximately 1.5 billion tyres are produced each year which will eventually enter the waste stream representing a major potential waste and environmental problem. However, there is growing interest in pyrolysis as a technology to treat tyres to produce valuable oil, char and gas products. The most common reactors used are fixed-bed (batch), screw kiln, rotary kiln, vacuum and fluidised-bed. The key influence on the product yield, and gas and oil composition, is the type of reactor used which in turn determines the temperature and heating rate. Tyre pyrolysis oil is chemically very complex containing aliphatic, aromatic, hetero-atom and polar fractions. The fuel characteristics of the tyre oil shows that it is similar to a gas oil or light fuel oil and has been successfully combusted in test furnaces and engines. The main gases produced from the pyrolysis of waste tyres are H2, C1–C4 hydrocarbons, CO2, CO and H2S. Upgrading tyre pyrolysis products to high value products has concentrated on char upgrading to higher quality carbon black and to activated carbon. The use of catalysts to upgrade the oil to a aromatic-rich chemical feedstock or the production of hydrogen from waste tyres has also been reported. Examples of commercial and semi-commercial scale tyre pyrolysis systems show that small scale batch reactors and continuous rotary kiln reactors have been developed to commercial scale. 相似文献
190.
结合9000kVA硅锰合金电炉烟气净化,对干法烟气净化、煤气回收工艺中烟气参数的选取和控制、安全保证等问题进行了分析,并对其进行了技术经济性评价。 相似文献