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691.
Fanie?PelletierEmail author Marco?Festa-Bianchet 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2004,56(6):546-551
In sexually dimorphic ungulates, males generally spend less time foraging than females, possibly because of difference in body mass or because of the energetic requirements of lactation. The relationship between body size and foraging time has received little attention at the intra-specific level, because few studies have documented activity budgets for individuals of known size. Bighorn rams are a good model to explore how body mass affects foraging time, because they range in mass from 55 to 140 kg. We examined how the foraging time of bighorn rams varied according to individual characteristics. We observed rams in a marked population and constructed time budgets during the 3 months preceding the rut. We determined ram social rank based on agonistic encounters and collected fecal samples to count lungworm larvae. Time spent foraging was negatively correlated with body mass. After accounting for age differences, larger rams spent less time foraging and more time lying than smaller rams. Among rams aged 6–12 years, dominants spent less time feeding than subordinates, while fecal output of lungworm larvae was negatively correlated with foraging time for rams of all ages. Body mass accounts for much of the individual variation in foraging time, suggesting that sexual dimorphism is important in explaining differences in feeding time between males and females.Communicated by P. Heeb 相似文献
692.
1 IntroductionInorganiccontaminants,phenolcompoundsaredeterminedprioritycontaminantbyUSEPA[1 ].ThephenolcompoundsinthedrinkingwaterisstipulatedasabsolutelydeterminationitembytheEuropeanEconomicCommunity (E E C .)andourcountry.Themeasurementofpollutionish… 相似文献
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Summary. This work validates a method for detecting potential semiochemicals in mouse urine samples with a volume as small as 10 μL. Using solid-phase microextraction, gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, we screened 2,3,5-trithiahexane, 2-sec-butyl-4,5-dihydrothiazole, geraniol, indole, trans-β-farnesene and farnesol in individual urine samples taken daily from mice housed under various social conditions. Excretion of 2-sec-butyl-4,5-dihydrothiazole by males did not occur when they were housed in rooms containing no females, but increased when raising the males to rooms containing females. Between-male differences in β-farnesene excretion were observed even in the absence of females. These results highlight the usefulness of the proposed analytical method for research in this area. 相似文献
696.
Abstract: Policy aimed at conserving biodiversity has focused on species diversity. Loss of genetic diversity, however, can affect population persistence, evolutionary potential, and individual fitness. Although mammals are a well-studied taxonomic group, a comprehensive assessment of mammalian genetic diversity based on modern molecular markers is lacking. We examined published microsatellite data from populations of 108 mammalian species to evaluate background patterns of genetic variability across taxa and body masses. We tested for loss of genetic diversity at the population level by asking whether populations that experienced demographic threats exhibited lower levels of genetic diversity. We also evaluated the effect of ascertainment bias (a reduction in variability when microsatellite primers are transferred across species) on our assessment of genetic diversity. Heterozygosity did not vary with body mass across species ranging in size from shrews to whales. Differences across taxonomic groupings were noted at the highest level, between populations of marsupial and placental mammals. We documented consistently lower heterozygosity, however, in populations that had experienced demographic threats across a wide range of mammalian species. We also documented a significant ( p = 0.01) reduction in heterozygosity as a result of ascertainment bias. Our results suggest that populations of both rare and common mammals are currently losing genetic diversity and that conservation efforts focused above the population level may fail to protect the breadth of persisting genetic diversity. Conservation policy makers may need to focus their efforts below the species level to stem further losses of genetic resources. 相似文献
697.
雨水中S(Ⅳ)的离子色谱分析及其保护方法的研究 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
本文研究了用离子色谱法分析雨水中S(Ⅳ)的色谱条件和含S(Ⅳ)样品的保存方法,采用HPIC_ASA分离柱、用2mmol.l^-1Na2CO3/3mmol.l^01NaOH溶液作淋洗液、0.0125mol.l^-1H2SO4为再生液、电导检测的方法,具有无干扰和灵敏度高等优点,而且在S(Ⅵ)的浓度秋-28μg.ml^-1范围内,其浓度与响应值之间呈现出良好的线性关系,其线性相关系数在0.9995以上 相似文献
698.
氟乙酸钠的衍生化GC—NPD测定方法 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
氟乙酸钠的分析鉴定,有助于中毒病人的论断与救治,本文建立了一种氟乙酸钠的衍生化、GC-NPD测定方法,用正交设计法选择了衍生化条件和色谱测定条件,考查了中毒治疗药物和一些有机酸的干扰情况。将该方法用于血、尿样品外加氟乙酸钠的测定,考查了血、尿样品中氟乙酸钠测定的线性范围、最低检测限、精密度。 相似文献
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Patrick Linke Author Vitae Antonis Kokossis Author Vitae 《Advances in Environmental Research》2004,8(2):229-245
The paper presents a generic process synthesis and optimisation tool suitable to take up applications in the design of waste treatment systems and in pollution prevention. The main component of the technology is a generalized process synthesis representation for simultaneous consideration of reaction and separation in multiphase systems that is amenable for stochastic optimisation. The flexibility of the representation allows applications to overall process synthesis problems as well as to decomposed reactor, reactive separation and mass exchange network design problems. Applications of the synthesis framework to waste water treatments processes using activated sludge and to natural gas sweetening in hybrid membrane-adsorption processes are presented. The paper highlights the use of the systematic technology in environmental systems design and shows how novel designs of improved performance as well as optimal design knowledge can be revealed using the systematic design framework. Context abstract: Environmental process systems for waste treatment and pollution prevention become increasingly complicated to design. There is a strong need for technology that provides systematic decision support to the process synthesis team in order to enable the timely selection of processes that operate close to the performance limits of the system under consideration. Conventional, optimisation-based process design technology is severely limited by the number of design decisions they can support simultaneously as well as by the increasingly complex process models required for the meaningful mathematical representation of environmental process systems. We have devised an optimisation-based process design methodology for integrated reaction and separation systems that overcomes major limitations of existing tools. This paper illustrates the use of this technology to provide systematic decision-support to the environmental process systems designer. 相似文献