Ecophysiological Competence of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Populus alba</Emphasis> L., <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fraxinus angustifolia</Emphasis> Vahl., and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Crataegus monogyna</Emphasis> Jacq. Used in Plantations for the Recovery of Riparian Vegetation

In many semi-arid environments of Mediterranean ecosystems, white poplar (Populus alba L.) is the dominant riparian tree and has been used to recover degraded areas, together with other native species, such as ash (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl.) and hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna Jacq.). We addressed three main objectives: (1) to gain an improved understanding of some specific relationships between environmental parameters and leaf-level physiological factors in these riparian forest species, (2) to compare the leaf-level physiology of these riparian species to each other, and (3) to compare leaf-level responses within native riparian plots to adjacent restoration plots, in order to evaluate the competence of the plants used for the recovery of those degraded areas. We found significant differences in physiological performance between mature and young white poplars in the natural stand and among planted species. The net assimilation and transpiration rates, diameter, and height of white poplar plants were superior to those of ash and hawthorn. Ash and hawthorn showed higher water use efficiency than white poplar. White poplar also showed higher levels of stomatal conductance, behaving as a fast-growing, water-consuming species with a more active gas exchange and ecophysiological competence than the other species used for restoration purposes. In the restoration zones, the planted white poplars had higher rates of net assimilation and water use efficiency than the mature trees in the natural stand. We propose the use of white poplar for the rapid restoration of riparian vegetation in semi-arid Mediterranean environments. Ash and hawthorn can also play a role as accompanying species for the purpose of biodiversity.     

垃圾填埋场不同产气模型大气环境影响评价内容的讨论

以敦煌市城市生活垃圾处理场为例,分别用Scholl Canyon模型、Mgmemcon模型和IPCC推荐的一阶衰减模型(FOD)估算填埋垃圾在运营期及封场后的产气量,对比分析3种模型估算出填埋气在不同时期的产气规律,并据此进行大气环境影响评价,探讨不同产气模型的估算结果在大气环境评价等级、评价内容、大气环境质量现状监测要求和环境影响的范围及程度等方面的差异。结果表明Mgmemcon模型估算的年最大产气量最小,与其它两种方法差异较大;Scholl Canyon模型和FOD模型预测年最大产气量及相应年份一致。合理选择填埋气预测模型,是客观评价垃圾填埋场建设项目大气环境影响的基础,也是项目建设具备环境可行性的重要依据。     

Studies of Thermal Transformations of Humic and Fulvic Acids in Soils I. Infrared Spectroscopy and Temperature-Programmed Pyrolysis Mass Spectrometry

Temperature-programmed pyrolysis mass spectrometry and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy have been used to monitor structural changes of humic and fulvic acids isolated from soils in China, in the temperature range of 25-550°C. in this work, we found that decarboxylation is obvious as the main reaction with dehydration reaction from 150°C to 400°C, the anhydride can be identified from FT-IR spectra at temperature range from 200°C to 400°C; there are evident changes of the aromatic nucleus of humic and fulvic acids above 400°C, even remaining up to 550°C. Besides, some changes of adsorption water can be distinguished before 200°C, and the mass signal of sulphur dioxide was detected.     

激光质谱法对机动车尾气中污染物的测量

本文详细介绍了一种全新的污染物测试方法———激光质谱法的原理和特点。我们应用这一方法对机动车尾气进行了初步探测 ,得到了 2 6 6nm激光作用下汽车尾气的激光电离质谱图 ,并对摩托车发动机运行状态与苯系列污染物排放量之间的关系进行了初步的在线测量     

双柱双ECD检测器-气相色谱法测定水中的灭蚁灵

采用液液萃法取提取水中的灭蚁灵,经浓硫酸净化,用双柱双ECD检测器-气相色谱法进行测定。当取样体积为100ml时,ECD1(色谱柱DB-35ms)和ECD2(色谱柱HP-5)的检出限分别为0.051μg/L和0.038μg/L,六组水样加标回收率为81.6%和78.4%,相对标准偏差3.74%和2.32%。该方法一次进样可得到两组数据来进行灭蚁灵的定性和定量分析,排除了假阳性产生的可能性,因此定性更准确、定量更精确。     

气相色谱法测定气体中挥发性卤代烃的研究进展

简述了国内外监测分析方法中运用气相色谱法检测气体中挥发性卤代烃在采样方法、检测器、检测范围和目标化合物等方面的区别,给出高温高湿条件下污染源废气的样品采集方法。针对污染样品和车间空气样品应使用FID检测器,环境空气样品应使用ECD检测器,同时进一步提出应尽早制定污染源排气中挥发性卤代烃的检测标准方法。     

被动采样/热脱附/GC-MS法测定环境空气中挥发性有机物暴露量

建立了吸附管被动采样-热脱附解吸气相色谱质谱联用测定环境空气中挥发性有机物暴露量的采样、分析方法。14种挥发性有机物的检出限为0.002~0.005 ng/h。该法采样无需动力,具有简单、方便、灵敏度高等特点,可广泛应用于环境气体的监测。     

铁岭市加油站油气排放控制对策探讨

现今汽车保有量的快速增长,对成品油的需求不断扩大。加油站虽为大家提供了便利,但其卸油、储油、加油时油气的排放会严重污染周围环境,危害人体健康。铁岭市积极采取油气排放控制对策。同时,针对控制对策实施过程中存在问题提出建议。     

微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定环境空气中的镉

建立了过氯乙烯滤膜采集环境空气中镉,微波消解滤膜、硝酸镁溶液作为基体改进剂,石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定镉的方法。本方法前处理操作过程简单、省时、酸用量少、环境污染小,方法的灵敏度和准确度都有很大的提高。当采样体积为6000L,镉的最低检出质量浓度为0．0008mg／m^3。     

水中钴测定方法的比对研究

通过对石墨炉原子吸收法、电感耦合等离子体质谱法、比色法测定水中钴的方法性能进行比对研究,分析了各自的优缺点,为实验人员对钴分析方法选择提供良好的技术依据。当测定钴含量为5.00%~99.5μg/L时,石墨炉原子吸收法的RSD为2.6%~3.9%,加标回收率为93.5%~101.4%;ICP-MS法的RSD为2.0%~3.3%,加标回收率为95.6%~97.1%;5-CI-PADAB光度法的RSD为3.8%~4.8%,加标回收率为91.6%~103.8%。