原子吸收火焰发射光谱法测定矿泉水中锂离子的不确定度评定研究

运用原子吸收火焰发射光谱法对矿泉水中锂离子含量进行测定,并做回收率实验,对整个测量过程的不确定度来源进行了分析,并按照国际通用方法对不确定度各个分量进行了评定和合成,得到原子吸收火焰发射法测定矿泉水中锂离子的不确定度评定。结果表明:原子吸收法火焰发射测定矿泉水中锂离子的不确定度的主要来源是回收率测定和标准溶液配制。采用本方法测定的矿泉水中的锂离子的扩展不确定度为0.69μg/L     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定城市污泥锌的不确定度评定及研究

根据（JJF1059—1999）,建立了原子吸收法测定污泥泥质中锌不确定度数学模型,分析了测试过程中不确定度的来源,并对各不确定度分量进行评定及合成,并计算得出合成不确定度和扩展不确定度。本次测量的合成相对不确定度值为0．022,其中由消化样浓度引起的相对合成不确定度为0．021;最大的不确定度分量是标准曲线拟合的不确定度,分量值为0．0134,其次是样品消化重复测定的不确定度,分量值为0．011。本次测定结果为（644．6±28．4）mg／kg;k=2（置信水平95％）     

气相与气质联用测定地表水中VOC的方法比较

在水环境保护形势趋紧、水质监测要求逐步提高的背景下,地表水中挥发性有机物测定的精确性、高效性要求也需不断提高。文章分别用国标规定的气相色谱法与美国EPA的气-质联用法对地表水环境质量标准要求监测的109项中的23种挥发性有机物进行了测定比对。结果发现:国标规定的气相色谱法测定各挥发性有机物虽能达到规定的检出限、准确度、精密度,但相对于气-质联用,国标规定的气相色谱法存在步骤繁琐、仪器设备需求量大、实验人员多、实验效率低、浪费更多实验资源等缺点。     

Photosynthesis and biochemical responses to elevated O3 in Plantago major and Sonchus oleraceus growing in a lowland habitat of northern China

A field experiment was carried out to compare the responses to ozone(O_3) in two common herbaceous plant species, Plantago major L. and Sonchus oleraceus L., by building open-top growth chambers in situ to simulate O_3stress(+ O_3, 85 ± 5 ppb, 9 hr/day for 30 days) in a lowland habitat in Inner Mongolia, Northern China. Responses to O_3 of gas exchange,chlorophyll a fluorescence, leaf pigment content, antioxidant capability, soluble protein content, membrane lipid peroxidation and dark respiration(R_d) were analyzed. Results showed that elevated O_3 exposure significantly reduced the light-saturated net photosynthesis(P_(Nsat)), stomatal conductance(g_s) and transpiration rate(E) in both species. Although non-significant interactive effect between species and O_3 on P_(Nsat) was analyzed, the reduction in P_(Nsat) in S. oleraceus might be due primarily to the higher fraction of close PSII reaction centers and impaired activities of plant mesophyll cells as evidences by decreased maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry after dark adapted state(F_v/F_m) and unchanged intercellular CO_2concentration(C_i). Besides, biochemical analysis showed that S. oleraceus had lower antioxidant ability compared to P. major. As a result, S. oleraceus was damaged to the larger extent in terms of lipid peroxidation and visible O_3 injury, indicating that S. oleraceus was more sensitive to O_3 than P. major. Our results indicated that wild herbaceous plant species growing in a lowland habitat in sandy grassland were sensitive to O_3 stress and S. oleraceus can be considered as one of the bio-indicators for high O_3 concentration in semi-arid grassland of northern China.     

An optimized two-step derivatization method for analyzing diethylene glycol ozonation products using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry

The ozonation of hydroxyl compounds(e.g., sugars and alcohols) gives a broad range of products such as alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids. This study developed and optimized a two-step derivatization procedure for analyzing polar products of aldehydes and carboxylic acids from the ozonation of diethylene glycol(DEG) in a non-aqueous environment using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Experiments based on Central Composite Design with response surface methodology were carried out to evaluate the effects of derivatization variables and their interactions on the analysis. The most desirable derivatization conditions were reported, i.e., oximation was performed at room temperature overnight with the o-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl) hydroxyl amine to analyte molar ratio of 6, silylation reaction temperature of 70°C, reaction duration of 70 min, and N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)-trifluoroacetamide volume of 12.5 μL. The applicability of this optimized procedure was verified by analyzing DEG ozonation products in an ultrafine condensation particle counter simulation system.     

自动固相萃取-气相色谱质谱法测定饮用水源地水中有机氯农药的研究

建立了自动固相萃取-气相色谱质谱仪测定饮用水源地水体中8种痕量有机氯农药的检测法.采用Supelclean ENVI-18固相萃取柱以10 mL/min流速富集500 mL水样,再依次用7.5 mL乙酸乙酯和10 mL二氯甲烷进行洗脱.8种物质在0.188 mg/L~2.04 mg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数均在0.997以上;检出限为0.011μg/L~0.034μg/L;实际水样加标回收率为82.9%~103%,相对标准偏差为0.7%~8.3%.该方法自动化程度高、检出限低、灵敏度高、结果准确,适用于饮用水源地水体中痕量有机氯农药的测定.     

加速溶剂萃取/气相色谱质谱法测定鱼类样品中的多环麝香

建立了鱼类样品中5种多环麝香的分析方法.采用加速溶剂萃取(ASE)提取,经凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)以及中性氧化铝层析柱净化后,浓缩并定容洗脱液,用GC-SIM-MS进行检测.本方法对替代物标样荧蒽-d10.的回收率为92.7%-112.9%.以六氯苯(13C)为内标,5种合成麝香的线性范围为1.0-1000.0 ng·g...     

槐糖脂生物表面活性剂的结构特征及理化性质初探

通过摇瓶培养实验,考察了假丝酵母菌（Candida bombicola）ATCC 22214以葡萄糖和油酸双底物为碳源,采用一次加料培养和分批补料培养方式进行发酵制备槐糖脂的过程,并利用高效液相色谱/电喷雾飞行时间质谱联用仪确定了所产槐糖脂的结构,初步研究了其主要的理化性质.结果表明,一次加料培养中,该菌株生长稳定期的...