鹤山大气超级站旱季单颗粒气溶胶化学特征研究

利用单颗粒气溶胶飞行时间质谱等仪器在鹤山大气超级站开展综合观测,结合ART-2a自适应共振神经网络聚类算法,将2013年11月4日~2013年12月30日期间监测到的1637330个细颗粒分成9类: EC-Fresh颗粒、EC-Nitrate/Sulfate颗粒、K-EC颗粒、Ca-EC颗粒、ECOC颗粒、OC-Levoglucosan颗粒、OC-Nitrate/Sulfate颗粒、K-Nitrate/Sulfate颗粒和Metal-rich颗粒.结果表明:该大气超级站所在地区旱季霾日有利于与水溶性二次无机组分混合的EC-Nitrate/Sulfate颗粒、K-Nitrate/Sulfate颗粒的累积;晴朗天更有利于二次有机组分在气溶胶颗粒中生成,雨天受当地排放源的影响显著,含有较高EC-Fresh和K-EC颗粒.相关性的研究发现,EC-Nitrate/Sulfate颗粒与能见度有良好的相关性,它们对霾的形成有至关重要的作用.     

毛细管气相色谱法测定水中氯苯类化合物

采用毛细管气相色谱法同时分离测定水中11种氯苯类化合物.用DB-23毛细管柱分离,电子捕获检测器检测,方法线性关系良好,水中氯苯类的最低检出限分别为:二氯苯0.74 μg/L～0.89 μg/L,三氯苯0.17 μg/L～0.21 μg/L,四氯苯0.07 μg/L～0.11 μg/L,五氯苯0.04 μg/L、六氯苯0.02 μg/L,加标回收率在83.5%～101%之间,RSD在1.4%～5.2%之间.     

Characterization of an urban landfill soil by using physicochemical analysis and solid phase microextraction (SPME)—GC/MS

We have aimed at characterizing top soil samples taken in-situ from five different locations of the unregulated dumping site in Eskişehir/Turkey for a period of six months. The study is the first attempt in the city and in Turkey, regarding particularly the SPME (Solid Phase Microextraction Technique) analysis method utilized. A comprehensive research has been conducted to produce critical soil data to be used for indicating current risks as well as the urgency of rehabilitating the site and establishing a sanitary landfill in the site. Conventional physicochemical analytical methods and SPME technique were used to analyze the samples. Physicochemical analyses were performed for determining the pH, total dried matter, volatile matter, total nitrogen, phosphorus, macro elements and heavy metals. Meteorological data were also recorded for the same period. SPSS.10.0 statistical program was used to determine the correlation between meteorological data and physicochemical analysis results. Mean values were used in the correlation analyses. These data indicated that the air temperature and precipitation have significant effects on soil characteristics. SPME, coupled with GC/MS, was used to identify eighty six volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds contained in soil samples. The samples were extracted by headspace SPME with heating (δHS-SPME). SPME analyses were conducted using a commercially available polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB) fiber having a film thickness of 65 μm (Supelco) as a capture medium. The experimentally optimized headspace sampling conditions were arranged (15 min. at 50^˚C) before a 30 min. sampling period.     

气相色谱法测定环境空气中三甲胺

采用4%聚乙二醇(PEG)-20M+1%KOHGXD-401为固定相,2m×3mm玻璃填充柱分离三甲胺,FID检测。该方法有较高灵敏度和良好的线性关系。结果表明:在柱温140℃,进样口温度180℃,检测器温度180℃,氮流量30mL/min时,平均回收率为100 3%,相对标准差为3%。     

好氧颗粒污泥系统中溶解性微生物代谢产物的特征及主要组分

采用SBR反应器以絮状活性污泥为接种污泥培养好氧颗粒污泥,主要考察好氧颗粒污泥系统中溶解性微生物代谢产物(SMP)的产生、相对分子质量分布以及主要组成物质.结果表明SMP是出水COD的主要组分,浓度为71~85 mg·L-1,SMP的产生与微生物对基质的利用、微生物衰亡和胞外聚合物(EPS)的水解有关.相对分子质量分布表明大部分SMP相对分子质量小于3×103,所占比例为54.8%~71.7%,而相对分子质量大于100×103的组分只占总SMP的一小部分,所占比例为9.3%~14.5%.三维荧光光谱分析表明,出水SMP具有4个峰,分别属于类芳香蛋白质、类色氨酸蛋白质、类腐殖酸物质和类富里酸物质.气质联用(GC-MS)分析表明SMP主要成分为酯类、短链烷烃、烯烃和醇类,所占质量分数分别为39.0%、14.9%、11.7%和7.6%.其中邻苯二甲酸二酯是出水SMP中主要组成物质,所占质量分数为32.0%.     

石墨炉原子吸收法测定土壤中痕量锑研究

建立了微波消解土壤样品,硝酸镍作为基体改进剂,热解涂层石墨管,塞曼效应扣除背景,石墨炉原子吸收法测定土壤痕量锑的方法.锑在1.00 μg/L～15.0 μg/L浓度范围内呈良好线性关系,方程相关系数为0.9992,方法的最低检出浓度为0.01 μ上g/g(以取样质量0.250 0 g,定容体积50 mL计),实际样品的加标回收率为93.7％～104.1％.本方法前处理操作过程简单快速、酸用量少,土壤标准物质测定结果令人满意,能满足环境监测分析的要求.     

石墨炉原子吸收法测定大气中锡的研究

研究了１０种基体改进剂和不同石墨管对石墨炉法测定锡的影响，结果表明，使用热解涂层石墨管并采用铁－抗坏血酸作基体改进剂，可获得最高的灵敏度和最好的回收率，用此法对锡标准样品进行测定，所得结果与定值吻合，相对误差为３．０％￣４．０％，相对标准偏差为２．０％￣４．８％，检出限为０．４０μｇ／Ｌ。     

Endocrine disrupting compounds in municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants in Northern Greece

The occurrence and fate of endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) in a sewage treatment plant and two industrial wastewater treatment plants from textile and tannery factories were investigated. EDCs of interest are 4-nonylphenol, 4-octylphenol, their ethoxylate oligomers (mono- and di-ethoxylates of nonylphenol and octylphenol), bisphenol A, triclosan and steroid estrogens. Target compounds were determined in dissolved fraction, total suspended solids and sludge by employing solid phase extraction and ultrasonication followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry.Nonylphenols and oligomers with one or two ethoxy groups were the most abundant compounds in raw wastewater as well as in effluents from all the treatment stages of sewage treatment plant, followed by triclosan and bisphenol A. Steroids were found at very low concentrations. Almost all phenolic EDCs compounds were predominantly associated to suspended solids in influents whereas the dissolved fraction dominated the treated effluents. High removal rates, ranging from 86% to 99%, were observed throughout the whole treatment process. Biodegradation was the main removal pathway of EDCs. Tannery wastewaters exhibited high concentrations of nonylphenolic compounds. This type of wastewaters could pose a significant risk to the aquatic and terrestrial environment.     

Validation of a QuEChERS-based gas chromatographic method for analysis of pesticide residues in Cassia angustifolia (senna)

A simple multi-residue method based on modified QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) approach was established for the determination of 17 organochlorine (OC), 15 organophosphorous (OP) and 7 synthetic pyrethroid (SP) pesticides in an economically important medicinal plant of India, Senna (Cassia angustifolia), by gas chromatography coupled to electron capture and flame thermionic detectors (GC/ECD/FTD) and confirmation of residues was done on gas chromatograph coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The developed method was validated by testing the following parameters: linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), matrix effect, accuracy–precision and measurement uncertainty; the validation study clearly demonstrated the suitability of the method for its intended application. All pesticides showed good linearity in the range 0.01–1.0 μg mL^?1 for OCs and OPs and 0.05–2.5 μg mL^?1 for SPs with correlation coefficients higher than 0.98. The method gave good recoveries for most of the pesticides (70–120%) with intra-day and inter-day precision < 20% in most of the cases. The limits of detection varied from 0.003 to 0.03 mg kg^?1, and the LOQs were determined as 0.01-0.049 mg kg^?1. The expanded uncertainties were <30%, which was distinctively less than a maximum default value of ±50%. The proposed method was successfully applied to determine pesticide residues in 12 commercial market samples obtained from different locations in India.     

工业温室气体CO2排放监测技术前期研究

介绍了国内外二氧化碳（ CO2）气体检测方法,选取红外传感器、非分散红外和气相色谱3种方法监测工业燃煤废气中的CO2。试验结果表明,3种方法的精密度和准确度均满足要求;单一燃煤废气中CO2的体积分数范围为6．70％～15．10％,同一排气筒中CO2体积分数5 min的波动范围为0～22．4％;同一排气筒（单一燃煤废气）中CO2和O2的体积分数有一定的关联性,二者之和基本稳定在19％～21％范围;非分散红外法和气相色谱法测定同一样品的相对偏差为0．9％～3．4％;红外传感器适用于有组织排放的现场监测,另2种方法适用于无组织废气和环境空气监测。