顶空-气相色谱法测定地表水中松节油

采用顶空-气相色谱法测定地表水中松节油,并对顶空瓶的平衡温度、平衡时间,盐析效应和取样量等顶空条件进行优化,使方法在0.200 mg/L~4.00 mg/L范围内线性良好,方法检出限为0.037 mg/L。实际样品2个质量浓度水平的加标回收率为89.3%~108%,RSD分别为5.8%和4.8%。     

高分辨电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定地下水中稀土元素

采用高分辨电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定地下水中14种稀土元素,并选择Rh作内标,可消除测定中的质谱干扰和非质谱干扰,使方法在0μg/L~100μg/L范围内线性良好。方法检出限为0.002μg/L~0.005μg/L,实际水样的加标回收率为80.0%~117%,RSD为2.1%~3.8%。     

原子荧光法测定土壤中的痕量碲

建立了采用微波消解土壤样品,OnGuardⅡH柱消除消解液中金属元素干扰,原子荧光法测定土壤中碲的方法。本方法检出限为0.009μg/g,加标回收率为91.3%~97.8%,具有操作简便、快速、准确度高和用酸量少等优点,有一定的应用价值。     

顶空气相色谱法测定浓海水中挥发性卤代烃

采用顶空法分离并富集海水淡化排放的浓海水样品,用气相色谱法测定样品中的挥发性卤代烃,通过优化顶空时间、顶空温度、水样盐度等条件,提高顶空富集效率,使方法在2.00μg/L~100μg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数均0.999,方法检出限为0.019μg/L~0.052μg/L。标准溶液平行6次测定结果的RSD为3.9%~9.6%,加标回收率为80.5%~125%。     

地表水中SVOCs和氨基甲酸酯类农药同步萃取技术的探讨

采用大体积固相萃取富集地表水中SVOCs和氨基甲酸酯类农药,再以气相色谱-质谱和超高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用对目标物定性定量。通过优化固相萃取条件,使SVOCs在0.500 mg/L~10.0 mg/L之间,氨基甲酸酯类农药在1.00μg/L~100μg/L之间线性良好,方法检出限为0.002μg/L~0.009μg/L,加标回收率分别为70.5%~105%和78.5%~124%。用该方法测定某流域地表水,结果邻苯二甲酸酯类物质、多环芳烃类、酚类、硝基苯环类化合物等SVOCs,以及克百威、仲丁威等氨基甲酸酯类农药检出。     

溴化衍生-三重四极杆气质联用法测定地表水中丙烯酰胺

采用溴化衍生-液液萃取法处理地表水,用三重四极杆气相色谱质谱联用仪测定样品中α,β-二溴丙烯酰胺,再换算成丙烯酰胺的质量浓度,该方法在20.0μg/L~500μg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数r为0.998,方法检出限为0.08μg/L。实际水样2个质量浓度水平的平均加标回收率分别为87.5%和92.2%,7次测定结果的RSD分别为9.1%和6.1%。用该方法测定黄河兰州段的黄河水和实验室自来水,结果均未检出。     

分散液液微萃取-气相色谱法测定地表水中松节油

采用分散液液微萃取-气相色谱法测定地表水中松节油,通过试验优化萃取剂、分散剂的种类和用量、盐度等影响萃取效率的条件,使该方法在10.0μg/L~500μg/L范围内线性良好,方法检出限为1.6μg/L。用该方法测定实际水样,结果未检出。实际水样的3个质量浓度水平加标回收率为83.6%~104%,RSD为2.1%~8.3%。     

Distribution of heavy metals in surface water of Ranipet industrial area in Tamil Nadu, India

Ranipet industrial area is about 120 km from Chennai on Chennai-Bangalore highway and is a chronic polluted area identified by Central Pollution Control Board of India. It is one of the biggest exporting centers of tanned leather in India. The total number of industries located in and around Ranipet town are 240 tanneries along with ceramic, refractory, boiler auxiliaries plant, and chromium chemicals. Studies were carried out to find out the contamination of surface water bodies due to industrial effluents. The results reveal that the surface water in the area is highly contaminated showing very high concentrations of some of the heavy/toxic metals like Cadmium ranging from 0.2 to 401.4 μg/l (average of 51.1 μg/l), Chromium 2.4–1,308.6 (average of 247.2 μg/l), Copper 2.1–535.5 μg/l (average of 95.5 μg/l), Nickel 1.6–147.0 μg/l (average of 36.7 μg/l), Lead 6.4–2,034.4 μg/l (average of 467.8 μg/l) and Zinc 20.8–12,718.0 μg/l (average of 3,760.4 μg/l). The concentration levels of these metals are much above the permissible limits in surface water and are health hazards especially for the people working in the tannery industries. It was observed that the people in the area are seriously affected and suffering from occupational diseases such as asthma, chromium ulcers and skin diseases. Distribution of metals, their contents at different locations, and their effects on human health are discussed in this paper.     

富营养化东湖水中COD与TOC的相关性研究

为了快速综合的监测有机污染物,及时全面地掌握环境水样中有机污染量,探索性地研究了富营养化湖泊中COD与TOC的相关性。根据东湖水样的有机质谱分析结果,重铬酸钾法测定富营养化水体的适用性在文中得到论证。以大量实验数据为依据,推导出了富营养化湖泊水体中TOC和COD的相关方程。该方程的相关系数r=0.9585,|r|>r0.01,38说明线形相关关系高度显著。实验所得线性回归方程的正确性在理论上得到支持,其较好的精确性通过COD实测值与COD计算值最大相对误差为13.72%得到了证实。对于富营养化东湖水,TOC比COD更能直接合理地表征水体受到有机物质污染的程度。     

烟气循环流化床脱硫塔设计

对烟气循环流化床脱硫工艺和脱硫塔设计进行详细的介绍,为设计提供参考。