Coupling effects of foam ceramics on the flame and shock wave of gas explosion

The coupling of gas explosion flame and shock wave is analyzed. In the gas explosion process, shock wave is affected by the flame directly, and shock wave also induces the flame. Inhibiting explosion can be achieved by the interference between the flame and shock wave propagation. If the coupling effects can be damaged, the adverse effects caused by the explosion should be mitigated and controlled. According to the structure characteristics of foam ceramics, the coupling effects mechanism of ceramic foam on gas explosion flame and shock wave is researched. When the explosion goes through the structure of foam ceramics, the flame can be quenched and the shock wave be attenuated. After the flame is quenched, the supply of precursor shock wave energy is cut off. Due to lack of energy supply, the destructive effects of blast wave will be reduced effectively. Coupling effects of the flame and shock wave can be damaged by the special structure of foam ceramics. Studies suggest that a certain function to represent the structure characteristics of foam ceramics must exist. For a certain material of foam ceramics, the sure porosity δ and the pore diameter d also can be get, which is the key to research and develop foam ceramic suppression technology of gas explosion.     

埕岛油田海底管道漏磁检测与安全评估

提出了埕岛油田海底管道内缺陷漏磁检测需解决的主要问题,研发了325 mm管道内缺陷漏磁检测装置,确定了海底管道漏磁检测工艺流程,配套了管道检测发射装置、接受装置等相关设施,实现了海底管道的漏磁检测、缺陷分析和安全评估。     

成品油管道地下水环境风险评价研究

应用环境风险评价理论,以石家庄-太原成品油管道为例,通过对工程与环境特性进行分析,识别出其主要的地下水环境风险。根据FEMWATER模型软件,结合当地的水文地质条件,模拟在设定的假想事故状态下,对地下水环境风险进行了评价研究。并提出了有针对性的工程防范措施和监测、管理对策,为工程建设环境风险管理和水资源保护提供了参考依据,也为其他成品油管道的环境风险评价提供了参考。     

基于模糊Bow-tie模型的深水海底管道定量风险评价研究

为有效评价深水海底管道风险,提出一种新的模糊Bow-tie模型定量风险评价方法。综合运用Bow-tie图、模糊集以及德尔菲法,定量分析油气泄漏概率。进一步利用层次分析法(AHP)研究油气泄漏后果的严重程度,给出泄漏后果因素的权重系数选择方案。同时,结合风险矩阵,实现对高风险深水海底管道的定量风险评价。将上述方法用到具体海底管道工程中,得出目标海底管道泄漏概率属于A级,泄漏后果属于Ⅲ级,泄漏风险为高风险,这一结果与实际情况较为符合。     

天然气管道失效个人生命风险评价技术研究

为研究天然气长输管道失效个人生命风险,提出一种以人员伤亡概率为指标的天然气管道失效后果风险评价方法。基于天然气管道的失效概率和失效致死长度参数,建立天然气长输管道生命风险评价模型。用该模型,对国内某城市住宅小区内带腐蚀缺陷的天然气管线进行定量风险分析。借鉴英国天然气输送公司数据,确定天然气管线个人生命风险值。案例证明,用所建立的天然气管道失效个人生命风险评价模型能够有效地分析带缺陷天然气管道失效后果,实现天然气管道的个人安全生命风险全定量评价。     

天然气管道完整性管理探析

通过对国内外天然气管道事故的统计和分析,指出了对天然气管道进行完整性管理的重要性;在此基础上,简要介绍了管道完整性管理方法,着重探讨了天然气管道完整性管理的流程和环节,包括管道潜在危害辨识、管道数据信息搜集与分析、管道风险评价、管道完整性评价、完整性评价响应和减缓措施,并进一步说明了天然气管道完整性管理的实施方法;最后,给出了在我国开展天然气管道完整性管理的必要性和建议.     

基于Monte-Carlo方法的长输管道气体扩散模拟研究

目前气体扩散模拟研究多采用流体力学的计算方法,分析气体扩散过程中的动力学特性.有限体积、有限元等方法都需要对事故区域整体进行网格划分,计算过程效率无法满足长输管道事故应急跨区域、多气象以及复杂地形的要求.Monte-Carlo方法利用RAMS预测的平均风场,模拟有限气体粒子在风场中的随机行走特性,有效地弥补了计算效率与网格精度冲突所导致的模拟性能下降的缺点.通过HAVEGE方法收集计算的硬件信息熵形成随机源,修正了以往伪随机数问题,增强了Monte-Carlo方法的计算精度.结果表明Monte-Carlo气体扩散模拟研究方法满足了长输管道事故灾害应急决策的需要.     

煤矿高浓度胶结充填系统可靠性评价研究

煤矿充填系统可靠性受多种不确定因素影响.通过对影响东庞矿高浓度胶结充填系统可靠性主要因素的分析,综合考虑各因素随机性、模糊性特点,利用层次分析法(AHP)建立充填系统可靠性模糊综合评价模型并确定各指标因素权重,运用模糊数学理论确定隶属矩阵和模糊综合评价法得到充填系统可靠性综合评判向量,按照最大隶属度原则确定此充填系统可靠性为“较稳定”等级.经充填工业性试验开采验证,系统可靠性模糊评价模型的建立是合理有效、结果符合实际情况的.     

液化天然气储罐9％镍钢焊缝相控阵AUT工艺

9％镍钢液化天然气储罐制造安装过程中,焊缝检验通常用常规射线照相（RT）进行。本文研讨用相控阵半自动超声检测（AUT）取代射线照相的工艺制定及验证方法。要领分四步：首先带缺陷专用焊接试样的制备;然后相控阵AUT工艺的编制;其次在有已知缺陷的焊接试样上,对AUTT艺作“开放性”验证试验;最后在现场对整个数据采集系统作“封闭性”操作演示和验证评定试验。验证结果表明相控阵AUT取代RT可行可靠,能凸显AUT种种优势。     

Analysis of crater formation in buried NG pipelines: A survey based on past accidents and evaluation of domino effect

The formation of a crater by the abrupt and catastrophic rupture of a high-pressure pipeline can be highly relevant, especially when the crater uncovers other pipelines, which could undergo a domino effect with a significant increase of the consequences on people or on the environment. However, this scenario has been only partially studied in the literature. To assess the influence of the pipeline parameters on the dimensions of the resulting crater, a statistical analysis of accidental ruptures of buried natural gas pipelines that have involved the formation of a crater was carried out. Mathematical expressions are proposed to describe the proportionality relationships found, which can be very useful to support adequate separation distances in the design and construction of parallel corridors of pipelines after appropriate escalating effects are considered. Finally, detailed event trees were developed to calculate the probability of occurrence of the final outcomes, as well as the identified domino sequences, based on a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the data. The study of these accident scenarios, based on actual cases, represents a useful and needed advance in risk analysis of natural gas transportation through pipelines.