Storm impacts along European coastlines. Part 2: lessons learned from the MICORE project

This paper describes the MICORE approach to quantify for nine field sites the crucial storm related physical hazards (hydrodynamic as well as morphodynamic) in support of early warning efforts and emergency response.As a first step historical storms that had a significant morphological impact on a representative number of sensitive European coastal stretches were reviewed and analysed in order to understand storm related morphological changes and how often they occur around Europe. Next, an on-line storm prediction system was set up to enable prediction of storm related hydro- and morphodynamic impacts. The system makes use of existing off-the-shelf models as well as a new open-source morphological model. To validate the models at least one year of fieldwork was done at nine pilot sites. The data was safeguarded and stored for future use in an open database that conforms to the OpenEarth protocols.To translate quantitative model results to useful information for Civil Protection agencies the Frame of Reference approach ( [Van Koningsveld et al., 2005] and [Van Koningsveld et al., 2007] ) was used to derive Storm Impact Indicators (SIIs) for relevant decision makers. The acquired knowledge is expected to be directly transferred to the civil society trough partnerships with end-users at the end of the MICORE project.     

全国乡镇工业污染源调查数据的计算机处理

在总结回顾全国乡镇工业污染源调查数据录入、汇总计算机软件系统的基础上,针对进一步使用现代信息技术———多媒体技术、地理信息系统技术和网络技术对调查数据进行深层次加工处理,提出了一些设想。      

中国省级环境决策支持系统的系统分析

中国省级环境决策支持系统(DSS)是基于GIS和各种模型的空间决策支持系统?该文介绍了DSS系统的系统分析方法和内容,包括软件需求说明?数据需求说明和总体设计      

浅谈环境信息中的GIS技术和中介数据

介绍了在环境信息系统中GIS技术所具有的功能和中介数据的作用及其规范化问题;并结合中国省级环境决策支持系统的开发,介绍了它们在环境信息中的使用。      

GKS在国家水质管理信息系统中的应用

图形核心系统是开发图形应用软件的一组核心功能描述,它独立于设备和各种高级语言,自８０年代中期被ＩＳＯ正式批准为第一个计算机图形学国际标准以来,世界上各大计算机厂商纷纷推出ＧＫＳ不同级别的实现版本,广大用户也不断将自己的图形应用开发平台转向ＧＫＳ。本研究结合国家水质管理信息系统的需求,以ＧＫＳ为起点,完成了ＮＷＱＭＩＳ图形管理系统的设计与实施,有效地支持了其应用功能的实现。     

流域计算机集成模型系统及其在水库流域水质规划中的应用

随着社会的发展,流域中出现了新的问题和特征,流域规划和管理越来越复杂,传统的方法和工具已不能充分满足流域规划和管理的需要．因此本文以开放复杂巨系统研究方法论为指导,提出了流域计算机集成模型系统的概念,探讨了其构成和结构．指出该系统应是专家系统、地理信息系统、遥感、全球定位系统、数据库技术、数学模拟和优化等多技术综合集成的系统．最后对其在水库流域水质规划中的应用进行了初步的探讨．     

GIS在水污染控制中的研究与探讨

地理信息系统(GIS)是专门用于地理空间信息处理和管理的计算机技术系统，造成城市水污染的污染源及其相关数据均具有空间分布特性，这决定了GIS可在该领域发挥重要作用。GIS能支持与水环境有关的地理空间数据的获取、管理、分析、模拟和显示，以解决复杂的水环境综合治理问题和水污染控制问题；同时，建立完善的空间数据库和属性数据库，为环境保护部门和科研部门提供研究与决策支持。本文就GIS在水污染控制这一领域的应用做一定探讨。     

IS支持下水质模型的应用

地理信息系统（ＧＩＳ） 是集计算机科学、地球科学、信息科学为一体的高新技术。目前,ＧＩＳ技术已广泛用于资源管理、环境监测、环境评价、灾害评估、区域流域环境规划等众多领域,已成为国内外环境管理的有效决策支持工具。本文介绍了ＧＩＳ技术在金华江流域水污染控制决策方面的应用, 其中重点介绍了在ＧＩＳ支持下,金华江流域水污染决策模型（ 水质模型） 的建立、程序设计和实现     

基于信息相对重要性的主成分法优选环境测点

提出将单项污染物测值反映的信息量表示为相对重要性和将单项污染物的相对重要性综合为多项污染物的综合相对重要性的计算公式。根据测点信息的综合相对重要性,再用主成分子集合选择法优化选点。该方法不仅减少了计算量,也易于确定多项污染物的综合优化点。该方法用于贵阳市大气环境测点优选出的测点能反映该市的环境质量。      

Economic simulation modeling of reprocessing alternatives for corn masa byproducts

Increasing production of corn masa for tortillas, chips, and related snack foods is resulting in large quantities of organic residuals requiring environmentally sound management. These byproduct streams appear suitable for use as livestock feed material, thus eliminating landfilling costs. Possibilities for developing livestock feed include direct shipping to livestock feeding facilities, blending prior to shipping, extrusion processing, pellet mill processing, and dehydration. To assess the viability of these options for reprocessing masa byproducts as livestock feed materials, an economic model was developed and applied to each of these alternatives. Through a series of simulation runs with this model, it was determined that direct shipping was by far the most inexpensive means of recycling masa processing residuals (10–57 $/Mg). Other alternatives examined in increasing order of costs included blending prior to shipping, extrusion, pellet mill processing (3–15, 5–18, and 4–18 times greater than direct shipping, respectively), while dehydration was clearly cost-prohibitive (33–81 times greater). Bagged feed was slightly more expensive to produce than bulk feed (1.1 times greater), and reprocessing costs increased as delivery distance increased, due to increased labor, equipment, and fuel costs, but decreased as byproduct generation rate increased, due to the development of the economies of scale. Alternately, based on a tipping fee of 50 $/Mg, the total estimated cost to landfill ranged from 65 to 112 $/Mg. Based on this cost analysis, direct shipping and feeding to livestock is the recycling option of choice for masa processing byproducts. Although specific details of process configurations and associated costs will vary, similar results are likely for other high moisture food processing residuals destined for utilization as livestock feed or components thereof.